Title	Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade
ID	28271210
External ID	d529f750bc866578da688e535f02e38f
Author	David Thomas
Published Date	Nov. 24, 2025, 7:49 a.m.
Summary	At the African Union-European Union Summit in Luanda, both sides should move away from trade defined by resource extraction.
Tags
URL	https://african.business/2025/11/resources/time-for-europe-and-africa-to-move-beyond-colonial-era-trade
Sentiment	Negative: 0.02375 Neutral: 0.80851 Positive: 0.16774
Relevance	0.00364

Content ID	35926674
Key	a866cda0-a499-4d51-9067-426eabf11754
Content	As African leaders prepare for the 7th African Union–European Union Summit in Luanda on 24–25 November 2025, they should reassess the continent's trade and aid relationship with the EU in light of persistent structural imbalances. More than sixty years after the formal end of colonial rule, Africa's trade profile with Europe remains highly extractive and minimally transformative, dominated by raw material exports rather than diversified, higher value‑added goods. The first AU–EU summit, held in Cairo in 2000, promised a partnership based on equality, mutual respect and shared prosperity, yet Africa's economic diversification has advanced only marginally. According to Eurostat, between 2022 and 2024 minerals and fuels made up 53% of Africa's exports to the EU (€194bn), led by Algeria, Nigeria, Libya, Angola and Egypt. Vehicles and parts (6%), electrical machinery (5%), cocoa products (3%), apparel (3%) and other items such as gems, fertilisers, iron and steel together accounted for only about 7% of exports. This pattern mirrors the economic geography shaped in the colonial era, when infrastructure and trade routes were designed to move unprocessed resources from Africa's interior to European markets. It also sits uneasily with the AU's Agenda 2063, which prioritises industrialisation, value addition and economic diversification. A key question for the summit, therefore, is whether current AU–EU trade agreements and EU 'Aid for Trade' are helping to change this profile or locking it in. The 1975 Lomé Convention was the first major trade and aid agreement between the European Community (now the EU) and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states, later replaced by the Cotonou Agreement in 2000. Both offered non‑reciprocal preferences to ACP exports. After Cotonou expired, the EU moved to a differentiated approach: least developed countries (LDCs) receive unilateral preferences through the Everything But Arms (EBA) scheme, while non‑LDCs are expected to conclude reciprocal Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) consistent with WTO rules. Although WTO disciplines allow flexibility in such agreements – longer transition periods, partial product coverage and more flexible rules of origin – the EU has often used this room in ways that are unfavorable for Africa's non‑LDCs. Across Africa, the EPA experience has been concerning. Under pressure to avoid loss of EU market access, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini and Kenya ratified EPAs with demanding tariff‑liberalisation schedules on EU imports. In Ghana, analysts argue that the government effectively capitulated to far‑reaching EU demands partly because negotiations coincided with the 10th European Development Fund, during which Ghana received €373.6m in budget support. In the East African Community, Kenya's bilateral EPA has undermined the Common External Tariff: it agreed to a 25% tariff on EU wines and spirits, below the EAC CET rate of 35% intended to protect local producers. Other signatories with similarly demanding terms include Cameroon, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Lesotho, Seychelles, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Several African non‑LDCs remain outside EPAs, including Algeria, Cabo Verde, Republic of Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, Morocco, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Sudan and Tunisia. Nigeria, in particular, resisted EU pressure and declined to sign because the EU sought extensive tariff liberalisation despite Nigeria offering a five‑year tax holiday to foreign investors to encourage domestic production. Nigeria's plan was to phase out tariffs gradually while maintaining tax incentives, so EU firms would invest in local manufacturing and move down the value chain instead of perpetuating raw‑material exports. EU insistence on far‑reaching liberalisation risked reinforcing the colonial pattern: Nigeria exports raw commodities to the EU for processing and then imports finished products back. Aid policy shows similar tensions. The EU presents itself as the world's leading provider of 'Aid for Trade', and Africa receives the largest share of this support. Yet the EU's own progress report indicates that most funds go to trade‑related infrastructure – customs reform, ports, corridors and logistics – rather than targeted value‑chain development. Meanwhile, the EU's Global Gateway initiative, which aims for significant investments in Africa, largely focuses on large‑scale infrastructure in energy, transport and digital connectivity. Critics argue these projects are geostrategic responses aimed at reducing EU dependence on Chinese minerals and Russian gas by securing access to African raw materials, rather than systematically building African industrial capacities. Infrastructure is necessary but not sufficient to transform Africa's export profile. Much of the continent's legacy infrastructure was designed in colonial times to move unprocessed resources from mines and plantations to ports. Current aid that concentrates on infrastructure, without parallel investment in processing and upgrading, risks mimicking that model. The last AU–EU summit declaration pledged support for regional and continental integration and described trade agreements as instruments to deepen trade, foster development and achieve mutually beneficial integration of both continents' markets. To honour these commitments, the EU should accept African tariff‑liberalisation schedules under EPAs where they are clearly calibrated to promote local production and economic diversification. It should also move beyond a generic focus on 'connectivity' and 'hard infrastructure' and align its aid more closely with sector‑specific value‑chain strategies in agriculture, manufacturing and services that reflect Africa's own priorities and the realities of Agenda 2063. This requires changing how aid is designed. Too often, EU aid frameworks are drafted in Brussels or other European capitals, with African governments treated as implementers rather than co‑architects. In today's context – where Africa is a competitive destination for trade and investment from China, Turkey, Gulf states and others – African leaders have more leverage to insist that aid and EPAs support higher value‑added exports instead of raw‑material dependence. Progress should be measured less by export volumes and more by the degree of value addition generated within African economies. As the 7th AU–EU Summit convenes in Luanda, African leaders should deliver a clear and unified message: Europe's aid to Africa and its EPAs must move beyond merely securing access to African markets and resources and instead enable African ownership of value creation on the continent. If the EU fails to adapt to Africa's competitive rise and to the ambitions embodied in the African Continental Free Trade Area and Agenda 2063, it risks losing influence and market share in a region that is its closest neighbour.
Content Reference URL	None

Data Source Name	NewsCatcher (#303)
Data Source Type	news
Data Source URL	https://www.newscatcherapi.com/
Description
Weight	1

DJDT

Versions

Package	Name	Version
Django		5.2.1
Python		3.11.8
coverage	Coverage	7.4.4
debug_toolbar	Debug Toolbar	4.3.0
django_extensions	Django Extensions	5.2.1
grappelli	Grappelli	4.0.2

Time

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Resource	Value
User CPU time	45.475 msec
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Browser timing

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Headers

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Cookie	=> see Request panel
Host	pennyloupe.com
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)

Response headers

Key	Value
Content-Type	text/html; charset=utf-8

WSGI environ

Since the WSGI environ inherits the environment of the server, only a significant subset is shown below.

Key	Value
CONTENT_LENGTH
CONTENT_TYPE
PATH_INFO	/ticker/EU/content/28271210
QUERY_STRING
REMOTE_ADDR	216.73.216.112
REQUEST_METHOD	GET
SCRIPT_NAME
SERVER_NAME	pennyloupe.com
SERVER_PORT	443
SERVER_PROTOCOL	HTTP/1.1

Request

View information

View function	Arguments	Keyword arguments	URL name
`app.core.views.app.ticker_content_detail`	`()`	`{'content_id': 28271210, 'ticker': 'EU'}`	`ticker_content_detail`

Cookies

Variable	Value
`'csrftoken'`	`'xMcMlxmOG3uNse0u0N5nUxSk3PkQO0DH'`

No session data

No GET data

No POST data

SQL queries from 1 connection

default 10.88 ms (4 queries )

Query Timeline Time (ms) Action

SELECT "pl_content"."created_dt",
       "pl_content"."updated_dt",
       "pl_content"."status_id",
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WHERE "pl_content"."id" = 28271210
LIMIT 21SELECT ••• FROM "pl_content" WHERE "pl_content"."id" = 28271210 LIMIT 21

4.39

Connection: default

Transaction status: Idle

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43)
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/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(2297)
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SELECT "pl_content_content"."created_dt",
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WHERE "pl_content_content"."content_id" = 28271210
ORDER BY "pl_content_content"."id" ASC
LIMIT 1SELECT ••• FROM "pl_content_content" WHERE "pl_content_content"."content_id" = 28271210 ORDER BY "pl_content_content"."id" ASC LIMIT 1

4.13

Connection: default

Transaction status: Idle

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(2303)
  content_content = ContentContent.objects.filter(details=content).first()

SELECT "pl_data_source"."created_dt",
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       "pl_data_source"."name",
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       "pl_data_source"."class_params_json"
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WHERE "pl_data_source"."id" = 303
LIMIT 21SELECT ••• FROM "pl_data_source" WHERE "pl_data_source"."id" = 303 LIMIT 21

1.25

Connection: default

Transaction status: Idle

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(2307)
  data_source = content.data_source

SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count"
FROM "pl_content"
WHERE "pl_content"."parent_content_id" = 28271210SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "pl_content" WHERE "pl_content"."parent_content_id" = 28271210

1.11

Connection: default

Transaction status: Idle

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43)
  return self.get_response(request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(2319)
  return render(request, "ticker_content_detail.html", context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/shortcuts.py in render(25)
  content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, request, using=using)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/loader.py in render_to_string(62)
  return template.render(context, request)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py in render(107)
  return self.template.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render(171)
  return self._render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/test/utils.py in instrumented_test_render(114)
  return self.nodelist.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render(1016)
  return SafeString("".join([node.render_annotated(context) for node in self]))

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in <listcomp>(1016)
  return SafeString("".join([node.render_annotated(context) for node in self]))

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render_annotated(977)
  return self.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py in render(159)
  return compiled_parent._render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/test/utils.py in instrumented_test_render(114)
  return self.nodelist.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render(1016)
  return SafeString("".join([node.render_annotated(context) for node in self]))

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in <listcomp>(1016)
  return SafeString("".join([node.render_annotated(context) for node in self]))

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render_annotated(977)
  return self.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py in render(65)
  result = block.nodelist.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render(1016)
  return SafeString("".join([node.render_annotated(context) for node in self]))

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in <listcomp>(1016)
  return SafeString("".join([node.render_annotated(context) for node in self]))

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in render_annotated(977)
  return self.render(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/defaulttags.py in render(320)
  match = condition.eval(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/smartif.py in eval(61)
  return func(context, self.first, self.second)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/smartif.py in <lambda>(107)
  ">": infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) > y.eval(context)),

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/defaulttags.py in eval(886)
  return self.value.resolve(context, ignore_failures=True)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in resolve(722)
  obj = self.var.resolve(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in resolve(854)
  value = self._resolve_lookup(context)

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/template/base.py in _resolve_lookup(925)
  current = current()

27	`<td><a href="{% url 'ticker_content_detail' ticker=ticker content_id=content_detail.content.parent.id %}">{{ content_detail.content.parent.title }}</a></td>`
28	`</tr>`
29	`{% endif %}`
30	`{% if content_detail.content.children.count > 0 %}`
31	`<tr>`
32	`<th>Children</th>`
33	`<td>`
34	`<ul>`

/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/templates/ticker_content_detail.html

Static files (720 found, 2 used)

Static file paths

None

Static file apps

grappelli
django.contrib.admin
django_htmx
app.core
django_extensions
debug_toolbar

Static files

css/pennyloupe.css: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/static/css/pennyloupe.css
img/penny_loupe_logo.png: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/static/img/penny_loupe_logo.png

django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder (720 files)

Templates (6 rendered)

Template path

templates

Templates

ticker_content_detail.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/templates/ticker_content_detail.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade - David Thomas>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 35926674>, 'data_source': <DataSource: NewsCatcher>, 'publisher': None}, 'ticker': 'EU'}
base.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/base.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade - David Thomas>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 35926674>, 'data_source': <DataSource: NewsCatcher>, 'publisher': None}, 'ticker': 'EU'}
components/leftnav.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/components/leftnav.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade - David Thomas>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 35926674>, 'data_source': <DataSource: NewsCatcher>, 'publisher': None}, 'ticker': 'EU'} {'block': <Block Node: leftnav. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n <div'>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/leftnav.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n </di'>]>}
components/header.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/components/header.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade - David Thomas>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 35926674>, 'data_source': <DataSource: NewsCatcher>, 'publisher': None}, 'ticker': 'EU'} {'block': <Block Node: header. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n\n '>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/header.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n\n '>]>}
components/ticker_subnav.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/templates/components/ticker_subnav.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade - David Thomas>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 35926674>, 'data_source': <DataSource: NewsCatcher>, 'publisher': None}, 'ticker': 'EU'} {'block': <Block Node: content. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n\n <div class="uk-flex'>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/ticker_subnav.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n <!-- /SUB NAV--'>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.title>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.id>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.external_id>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.author>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.publish_dt>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.summary>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.tags>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_negative>, <TextNode: '   \n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_neutral>, <TextNode: '   \n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_positive>, <TextNode: '<br/>\n '>, <django.template.defaulttags.WidthRatioNode object at 0x7f3fb6200ad0>, <TextNode: '%;"></div>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_neutral>, <TextNode: '" style="width:'>, <django.template.defaulttags.WidthRatioNode object at 0x7f3fb6340fd0>, <TextNode: '%;"></div>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_positive>, <TextNode: '" style="width:'>, <django.template.defaulttags.WidthRatioNode object at 0x7f3fb62011d0>, <TextNode: '%;"></div>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.relevance_score>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n <li clas'>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.name>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.id>, <TextNode: ')\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.type>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.url>, <TextNode: '" target="_blank">'>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.url>, <TextNode: '</a></td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.description>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.weight>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>]>} {'ticker': 'EU'}
components/footer.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/components/footer.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: Time for Europe and Africa to move beyond colonial-era trade - David Thomas>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 35926674>, 'data_source': <DataSource: NewsCatcher>, 'publisher': None}, 'ticker': 'EU'} {'block': <Block Node: footer. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n '>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/footer.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n '>]>}

Context processors

django.template.context_processors.csrf: Toggle context
{'csrf_token': <SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at 0x7f3fb52e2ac0>>}
django.template.context_processors.debug: Toggle context
{}
django.template.context_processors.request: Toggle context
{'request': <WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>}
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth: Toggle context
{'user': <SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7f3fb55a1bc0>>)}
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages: Toggle context
{'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/EU/content/28271210'>>, 'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30, 'ERROR': 40}}

Cache calls from 1 backend

Summary

Total calls	Total time	Cache hits	Cache misses
0	0 ms	0	0

Commands

add	get	set	get_or_set	touch	delete	clear	get_many	set_many	delete_many	has_key	incr	decr	incr_version	decr_version
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Signals

Signal	Receivers
class_prepared
connection_created	register_type_handlers
got_request_exception
m2m_changed
post_delete
post_init
post_migrate	create_permissions, create_contenttypes
post_save	create_initial_trade_position
pre_delete
pre_init
pre_migrate	inject_rename_contenttypes_operations
pre_save
request_finished	close_old_connections, close_caches, reset_urlconf
request_started	reset_queries, close_old_connections
setting_changed	reset_cache, clear_cache_handlers, update_installed_apps, update_connections_time_zone, clear_routers_cache, reset_template_engines, storages_changed, clear_serializers_cache, language_changed, localize_settings_changed, complex_setting_changed, root_urlconf_changed, static_storage_changed, static_finders_changed, form_renderer_changed, auth_password_validators_changed, user_model_swapped, update_toolbar_config, reset_hashers, Options.setting_changed, update_level_tags, uninstall_if_needed, clear_caches, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, StaticFilesStorage._clear_cached_properties

Path	Location
.DS_Store	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/.DS_Store
grappelli/.DS_Store	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/.DS_Store
grappelli/js/grappelli.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/grappelli.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_m2m.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_m2m.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_fk.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_fk.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_generic.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_generic.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_timepicker.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_timepicker.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible_group.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible_group.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_generic.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_generic.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_fk.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_fk.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible.js
grappelli/js/grappelli.min.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/grappelli.min.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_m2m.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_m2m.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_inline.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_inline.js
grappelli/images/spritesheet-1694777276.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/spritesheet-1694777276.png
grappelli/images/backgrounds/loading-small.gif	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/loading-small.gif
grappelli/images/backgrounds/changelist-results.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/changelist-results.png
grappelli/images/backgrounds/ui-sortable-placeholder.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/ui-sortable-placeholder.png
grappelli/images/backgrounds/nav-grabber.gif	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/nav-grabber.gif
grappelli/images/backgrounds/messagelist.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/messagelist.png
grappelli/images/icons/ui-datepicker-next.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/ui-datepicker-next.png
grappelli/images/icons/link-external-small_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/link-external-small_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-arrow-up-handler_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-arrow-up-handler_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/date-hierarchy-back.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/date-hierarchy-back.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler-predelete.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler-predelete.png
grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs-rtl.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs-rtl.png
grappelli/images/icons/datepicker_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/datepicker_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-trash-handler_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-trash-handler_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/selector-add-m2m-vertical_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/selector-add-m2m-vertical_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/sorted-descending.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/sorted-descending.png
grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-viewsite-link_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-viewsite-link_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/object-tools-add-link.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/object-tools-add-link.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-edit-handler-small-disabled.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-edit-handler-small-disabled.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small-disabled.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small-disabled.png
grappelli/images/icons/sorted-ascending.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/sorted-ascending.png
grappelli/images/icons/link-internal-rtl-small_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/link-internal-rtl-small_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/pulldown-handler_selected.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/pulldown-handler_selected.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler_hover.png

Content Detail

Versions

Time

Resource usage

Browser timing

Settings from app.settings

Headers

Request headers

Response headers

WSGI environ

Request

View information

Cookies

No session data

No GET data

No POST data

SQL queries from 1 connection

Static files (720 found, 2 used)

Static file paths

Static file apps

Static files

django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder (720 files)

Templates (6 rendered)

Template path

Templates

Context processors

Cache calls from 1 backend

Summary

Commands

Signals