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  Title	Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQ:HBIO) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript
  ID	7682745
  External ID	7623151542
  Author	Unknown
  Published Date	March 13, 2025, 7:27 a.m.
  Summary	Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQ:HBIO) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript March 12, 2025 Harvard Bioscience, Inc. beats earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $0.06, expectations were $0.05. Operator:
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  URL	https://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/harvard-bioscience-inc-nasdaqhbio-q4-2024-earnings-call-transcript-1481113
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  Content	Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQ:HBIO) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript March 12, 2025 Harvard Bioscience, Inc. beats earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $0.06, expectations were $0.05. Operator: Good day, and welcome to the Fourth Quarter 2024 Harvard Bioscience Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speakers’ presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Instructions will be given at that time. As a reminder, this call may be recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Kathryn Flynn, Corporate Controller. Please go ahead. Kathryn Flynn: Thank you, Michelle, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining the Harvard Bioscience fourth quarter 2024 earnings conference call. Leading the call today will be Jim Green, President and Chief Executive Officer and Jennifer Cody, Chief Financial Officer. In conjunction with today’s recorded call, we have provided a presentation that will be referenced during our remarks that is posted to the Investors section of our website at investor.harvardbioscience.com. Please note that statements made in today’s discussion that are not historical facts, including statements or expectations or future events or future financial performance are forward-looking statements and are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied. Please refer to today’s press release for other disclosures on forward-looking statements. These factors and other risks and uncertainties are described in the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Harvard Bioscience assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements publicly, and management’s statements are made as of today. During the call, management will also reference certain non-GAAP financial measures, which can be useful in evaluating the company’s operations related to our financial condition and results. These non-GAAP measures are intended to supplement GAAP financial information and should not be considered a substitute. Reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP measures are provided in today’s earnings press release. I will now turn the call over to Jim. Jim, please go ahead. Jim Green: Thanks, Kathryn. Thank you and good morning. We’ll start at Slide 3 of the presentation and look at our quarterly results. Revenue in the fourth quarter came in at $24.6 million which is 13% below revenue from Q4 last year. On sequential basis, revenue were up 12% from the third quarter and we had a positive book to bill ratio. Gross margin for the fourth quarter was $14 million or 57% of revenue, impacted by lower revenue year-over-year. Operating income was breakeven on a GAAP basis. On an adjusted basis, our operating income measured $2.5 million or 10% of revenue and adjusted EBITDA came in at $3 million or 12% of revenue. I’ll now turn it over to Jennifer Cote, our CFO, to discuss our financial results in a little more detail. Thank you. Jennifer Cote : Thank you, Jim, and hello, everyone. I’ll provide further detail, repeat a little bit of what Jim said, but just want to go through this in detail. So on Slide 4, if you could please refer where we will look at revenue for the quarter by product family and region. Overall revenues in the fourth quarter showed sequential improvement finishing at $24.6 million compared to $22 million in the prior quarter. Revenues for the year were $94 million compared to $112 million last year. You can see our quarterly trend, which shows evidence of quarter-to-quarter stabilization across the globe. I will now break it down to look at regional results. Starting with The Americas, revenues in the fourth quarter grew sequentially by 3% over revenues in Q3, but were down 11% versus revenues in the fourth quarter of last year. Our preclinical sales rebounded sequentially with a return to normal purchasing during Q4. As shown in the light blue, CMT is down sequentially and we did not see the typical end of year bump we attribute to end of year academic budget spending. Moving on to Europe, overall revenue in Europe in the fourth quarter grew 28% sequentially, but was down 7% compared to revenue in Europe in last Q4. Our European revenues have been relatively leveled through the first three quarters of the year and during Q4 experienced a nice growth due to our new products. Our preclinical sales were up sequentially in Q4 over sales in Q3 with increased telemetry and respiratory sales offset by lower behavioral sales. Cellular and molecular sales grew sequentially and year-over-year. We are excited to see the impact of early adopters of our MEA systems and MeshMEA chips. Moving to China and the Asia Pacific. Overall in the fourth quarter, APAC revenue was sequentially up by 8% over the previous quarter through APAC — though APAC revenue was down 24% compared to prior year. The APAC market has been especially difficult this past year, but Q4 was our first sequential improvement this year and trailing orders have remained consistent over the last few quarters indicating stability. Preclinical APAC sales in Q4 saw sequential growth over sales in Q3, but were down compared to prior year, which we attribute to destocking. Cellular and molecular APAC products showed some minor declines in Q4 sequentially and year-over-year. We continued throughout Q4 to experience improvements in our booking trend and continue to see growth in our global trailing three month trend. This has been trending positive now since June. We do expect to see a dip sequentially in Q1 and Jim will discuss this with our outlook. If you can please refer to Slide 5 on which we’ll discuss additional metrics. Please refer to the middle of the slide. Gross margin during Q4 was 57.1% compared to 58% in Q4 of last year. Sequentially, margins are effectively neutral when adjusted for FX. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies in Q4 contributed to a 1 percentage point margin decline during Q4 relative to Q1, Q3, sorry. We maintained stability in our gross margin by managing expenses to offset lower absorption of fixed manufacturing costs during Q4 and throughout the last year. We are encouraged that despite lower revenue levels, we are maintaining gross margins close to our target of 60%. We are now also operating on one U.S. ERP system, which represents 80% of our manufacturing and shipments. As part of implementing our new ERP system, we are experiencing some inefficiencies as we start to use the new system in our Boston facility, but we are working to stabilize our processes and associated controls as we move deeper into 2025. This new consolidated environment constitutes an opportunity for us to mature our sales and operations planning, supply chain and inventory management through automation and further improvement of processing controls. If you refer to the right side of the graph, our adjusted EBITDA during Q4 finished at $3 million compared to $3.6 million in last year’s fourth quarter. The $3 million adjusted EBITDA figure was a sequential improvement of $1.7 million over adjusted EBITDA of $1.3 million in Q3. The sequential improvement was mainly due to revenue and margin growth as well as cost reductions taken throughout last year. Compared to the prior year Q4, the reduction in gross profit was mostly offset by lower operating expenses in Q4. Now moving to the bottom left where we show both reported and adjusted loss and earnings per share. First as I’ve done in the past, I will remind you of the primary differences between GAAP and adjusted EPS, which includes the impact of stock compensation, amortization and depreciation. These differences can be found and highlighted in the reconciliation tables on Slide 11 and are all non-cash items. We recorded a correction during Q4 related to our accounting for the closure of a legacy pension plan, which favorably impacted Q4 of 2024 by $0.03. The impact of this non-cash activity is zero year-to-date and is offsetting activity in Q3. Cash flow from operations was $1.7 million during Q4 compared to $4.3 million in Q4 of last year. The Q4 cash flows figure represents sequential improvement compared to Q3. Now I will move to Slide 6, where we will cover the full year results and we can discuss our liquidity and debt position. We maintained consistent gross margins during 2024 at 58.2% compared to 58.9% in 2023. We manage our costs to largely offset the impact of lower revenue and gross profit. For the full year, adjusted EBITDA was down $7.4 million due to reduced gross margin of $11.3 million partially offset by these reduced operating expenses of $3.9 million. Full year 2024 adjusted EPS was $0.03 compared to $0.14 in 2023 as a result of the dropdown of lower gross margins offset partially by lower expenses. This included an unfavorable impact compared to prior year of the loss on sales of equity securities of $0.03 Differences between GAAP and adjusted EPS during 2024 also included restructuring expenses, commissions for employee retention credit payments and settlement of an abandoned property audit, which resulted in 0.04 of unfavorable impact for the year. We have reduced the quarterly run rate of our operating expenses by $2 million or 12% when you compare Q4 of 2024 with Q4 of 2023, which positions us for improved OpEx in 2025. If you refer to the bottom middle graph, cash flow from operations for the year ending December 31st 2024 finished with a $1.4 million decline and declined by $12.6 million compared to last year. We struggled early in 2024 to drive favorable operating cash flow, but showed improvements and you see the results in Q4 through this careful expense management. On the bottom right, you can see that we maintained stability in our net debt position and at the end of the year, our net debt was just slightly above net debt at the end of 2023. As of year-end, we are not in we were not in compliance with the consolidated net ratio net leverage ratio covenant contained in our existing credit agreement. Earlier this week, we entered into an amendment in which the lenders agreed to waive our Q4 non-compliance. Under the amendment, we are required to refinance the existing agreement by June 30th. We are also precluded from further borrowings under the credit facility. That said, based on our current operating plans, we expect that our available cash and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to finance operations and capital expenditures while we work to refinance the credit agreement. For more information on the amendment, please refer to the 8-K that we filed with the SEC last night. Now, I will turn it back over to Jim. Jim Green : Thank you, Jen. We can move to Slide 7, where I first want to mention that we’ve historically we’ve augmented our European sales through distribution agreements with the large distributors like Fisher and VWR. We’re now working with them to extend this agreement with Fisher and VWR specifically the formal distribution relationship to also now include North America. And we’re also planning to offer through the distributors to increase our number of products, including our new unique MEA systems. Now if you go to the next slide, let’s see. Actually that’s it’s still Slide 7, right? I just want to say, I’m not going to drain this, but I like to think about our business as our base business and then areas where we’re expanding, expanding into potentially high growth areas like electroporation and bioproduction and also expansion into organoid related technologies, another area that we believe provides significant growth opportunities. The base, which we expect to be to roughly run with the market, the life science tools market, and it’s augmented by new product introductions, some of which you’ll hear about today. Both electroporation and bioproduction and emerging and our emerging MeshMEA organoid applications are expected to be long term high growth opportunities that also drive a higher recurring revenue consumable. Moving to Slide 8, I’ll update you on the progress on key new product launches in more detail. The first row of the table on this slide highlights the commercial status of two new products we consider part of our base business. Late in 2024, we began production shipments of our new SoHo family of telemetry devices, which now enable real time telemetry measurements of animal models in shared housing environments. In 2025, we plan to expand our SoHo capable implants to also cover cardiac and neural monitoring capabilities. Launching at this month’s Society of Toxicology, our SoHo systems are already seeing strong quoting requests from industrial customers and academic customers alike. The first delivery of our new automated VivaMARS neurobehavioral monitoring system went to Labcorp. We’ve been working with Labcorp to tune the system and supporting them in the integration of it into their testing network. We’re now in discussions with them to acquire another VivaMARS system for a second one of their facilities, we assume later in this year. And we’re also working to get the next large CRO customer onboard with VivaMARS. The second row of the table highlights the commercial status of our products targeted to potentially long term high growth electroporation and bioproduction opportunities. Late in 2023, we announced that a large pharma company had adopted our BTX electroporation system configured for bioproduction. Looking at the commercial status in 2024, we’re pleased to see that consumable revenue from this first large customer has now grown to approximately $1 million annual run rate. This first large customer, a top five pharma company worldwide has adopted the BTX for bioproduction of vaccine application and is validating our right to win in higher volume GMP applications. This first application is a vaccine for companion animals. And in this way, it allowed us to fast track into bioproduction and get to higher volumes quickly. The same customer is adopting our system for a second potentially high volume vaccine at another site. When we talk about human use, Novo Nordisk, a longtime customer of Harvard Bioscience, is an early adoption of our BTX for a new generation therapy. Also for human use, a large U.S. biotech is adopting our BTX for bioproduction of a CAR-T based therapy. And we’re also currently prototyping our next generation BTX platform designed for ease of use in new compound creation and also ease of transition to bioproduction in cGMP environments. Also in 2024, we began shipping our new cGMP-compliant amino acid analysis system to pharma companies for bioprocessing applications. Our AAA is an adaptation of our leading biochrome AAA system currently operating in clinical labs internationally and is showing initial demand in bioproduction applications such as biomaterial quality control. The third row of the table highlights the commercial status of our emerging new high growth MeshMEA organoid platform. We have adapted our MEA electrophysiology system to be the industry’s first in vitro organoid data acquisition and analysis system. It’s capable of supporting long life longitude analysis of organoids and they’re initially targeted to neuro and to cardiac applications. As for commercial progress of Mass MEA systems, in 2024, we initiated five beta sites, three of which were academic sites including University of Texas, Tampere University in France and University of Michigan. Synaxis is an advanced CRO in France focusing on safety and toxicology applications and a leading biopharma company with operations in Cambridge and multiple sites across California is focusing on longitudinal viability testing for neuro and cardiac applications. In Q4, early adopters including Stanford and the Mayo Clinic purchased 10 systems for a combination of neuro and cardiac applications. In 2025 our 2025 goals include expanding adoption by leading academic sites plus government labs in the U.S, UK, and the European Union. Interestingly enough, the NIH itself recently purchased one of our MeshMEA systems for neuro applications. This year, we’ll focus on adapting the system to more potential high growth industrial applications in biotech and pharma. And we see a growing pipeline of biotechs and pharma opportunities as we look forward this year. Now in terms of refinancing efforts, we’ve retained an investment banker to assist and there have been and we’ve held multiple discussions with potential lenders. We plan to complete refinancing effort by the June. And for more information, you can look to the 8-K, that we filed last night. Now if we move on to our guidance and outlook on the next slide. Given the lack of visibility around NIH funding and the recent effects on academic research funding, we’re going to hold off on giving an outlook for the full year at this time. So at this time, we’ll just discuss Q1 2025 and some basics about finishing how we’re operating through the rest of the year. Considering the uncertainty around NIH related academic funding and such, along with the typical Q4 to Q1 seasonality, we expect Q1 revenue to range from $19 million to $21 million. We expect Q4 gross margin to be in the 56% to 58% range. Regarding Q1 EBITDA, we expect unusually high professional fees related to audit and debt related refinance activities. When I think about going forward, absent these unusual fees, with our gross margins remaining strong and our continued focus on reducing operating expenses, we expect sufficient positive EBITDA to support continued self-funding of our business and continued servicing of our debt obligations and this while we work to refinance our debt facility. So with that, I will turn it over to turn the call back to the operator and to open the line for questions. Thank you. Q&A Session Follow Harvard Bioscience Inc (NASDAQ:HBIO) Follow Harvard Bioscience Inc (NASDAQ:HBIO) or Subscribe with Google We may use your email to send marketing emails about our services. Click here to read our privacy policy. Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Matthew Parisi with KeyBanc. Paul Knight: Hi, Jim. It’s Paul Knight calling from KeyBanc. The question is, how are you? Number one, this debt financing, what was the metric that was busted? Jim Green: We with three or four quarters of reducing revenue, which we saw through starting in early ’24, it really impacted our net leverage ratio, which looks at our current debt divided by our trailing 12 month EBITDA. So even with positive EBITDA whether it’s $1 million, $2 million or $3 million we had built strong EBITDA over the prior years. And in fact, we had gotten our net ratio down to under $2 million I believe. But with three quarters lining up of EBITDA of lower EBITDA that ratio just starts to get ahead of you pretty fast. So we were bouncing up against that covenant for a while. And we in hindsight, we should have earlier tried to work on our refinance, but we worked with the banks to get coverage through those to get to this point now. But either way, we knew we needed to put a new debt facility in place and that’s really the focus now. Paul Knight: And you were paying on debt rate was what percent rate and then what would a new transaction look like? Jim Green: We were sitting at we were at SOFR plus 3.75%. So I think that adds up to around, I don’t know, 8% or so I’m guessing. Paul Knight: And then ranges are probably what somewhat above 10% and other? Jim Green: Yes. I think when you look to the more private debt facilities, they’re probably again, we’re looking at a number of different opportunities and they will range based on various ways they set it up. But in general, we expect it to go up two to three points maybe four. So it’s going to be higher on the interest rate likely, but it will give us much more flexibility. We have needs to continue to we have these new products launching. I certainly don’t want to be held back, and not be able to put some of the capital into expanding capacity in a couple of these new areas. So we’re going to need a little of that flexibility on the on a ratio covenant like that at least for a little for a short time. And that’s why we need the kind of lender that’s used to working with growth companies that makes investments and doesn’t get held back by having a more conservative debt facility. Paul Knight: And Jim, moving to the good news part, it seems like the new product introductions are gaining traction. What part of revenue are these new products like MeshMEA and BTX and other that you would call high growth? And what was their growth in 4Q? Thanks. Jim Green: Well, I think when you look at the numbers for instance that Jen showed you, what really jumped out is for instance MeshMEA systems. We really started heavily at academic research there and heavily in Europe where we have very strong relationships plus with the pharma companies there. So we saw Europe really led the way with growth in again by placing 10 or more systems in one quarter. I mean these systems sell for $70,000 to $100,000 plus they bring consumables in. That was a very nice incremental pop for the business and really leads the way toward us this and that is adaption is adapting of this technology into the much higher industrial users. So certainly this is going to be a big growth area for us. We had in general our MEA business had been around 5% of our business. I think if you go back a year or so, I think in this year, we I think we even put in the presentation that with the MEA that section is around 7%, so it’s grown by a couple from 5% to 7% just in that one year of that section of that revenue stream. So it’s definitely a wind up area for us and a growth opportunity. Bioproduction is another big growth opportunity for us. It is a longer area because it tends to take more time. It’s a longer sale. You have to get the systems incorporated and validated in their production environment. You’ll notice that I described some of the applications specifically what was because the system is really designed for these new types of drugs where you’re going to be transfecting mammalian cells to create it. So there’s often a long time from when you get through testing, you get through preclinical before you get into first Phase 1 clinical human. So it takes a while for that to really ramp up. So the thought was by having a couple of applications like this first one being going to companion animals. I mean, I don’t know about you, but I’ve always loved selling technology to selling to people who spend it on their pets, because people I think spend more on their pets than their kids these days. So that gave us the ability to very quickly prove that we could do higher volumes in a cGMP type environment. And at the same time, we’ve been working with human applications with a number of our customers. And one of them, which I think is pretty exciting is Novo Nordisk working with them toward one of their applications that will be one of the first to use is the BTX in a bioproduction environment for our next generation therapy. There are others we’re working with. Another one that’s coming along is a CAR-T therapy and that’s with a very large well known biotech here in The States. So we’re trying to cover all bases. I want to be able to prove that we can do the transfection efficiently, that we can create these new drugs which they use us often for discovery. But now they can use us for bioproduction. But I need to be able to show, for instance, with what we’re doing with these companion animal application that we can do volume types of production in the same type of cGMP environment. And by the way, this is with a very a top five worldwide pharma company. This is not a small start. This is a big opportunity for us. And they are working with us now to have another vaccine application that will go to another one of their facilities using our technology for a slightly different vaccine. Paul Knight: Okay. And then just to quickly wrap it up on my side, the other cost of $1.4 million in the quarter was FX, I’m assuming. And then the last is your NIH exposures what about 15%? Jim Green: Yes. It’s sometimes hard to describe exactly, but NIH the way I see academic research we’re about half of about half of our business is academic research worldwide. A little less than half of that is probably The United States and maybe it’s I’m kind of eyeballing maybe it’s 40% or so. But then you’ve split that into the sections of what’s NIH and what is academic research outside of NIH. NIH we generally think of NIH to be around 30% or so of academic research revenue in the United States. The rest is generally more budgeted by the universities themselves. So that’s kind of how we see it. But we it is we have seen and given whenever there’s some unknowns, certainly we expect to see some extra time it takes for some of these research grants that will have to go back through and be reviewed. And those are more the specific NIH initiated grants. But I think we’re also we could see some noise just from the general economic research sites where they’re maybe worried about what’s coming their way. And so there is it’s kind of a lack of visibility with some of that. We’re hoping of course that that sorts out fast. You’re probably hearing something similar from other companies that are heavily exposed to academic research. But no, we’re those types of impacts we started seeing a pull down in our revenue in Q4 where in Q4 in academic research, we would have expected a bump in U.S. But if you look at our chart, you see that the academic research part of our business or the CMT part actually went down some in Q4. Now the good news for us is it was more than offset by strong growth sequentially in our industrial with CROs and such. But I think we’ve been seeing a little of this headwind for a bit and it’s kind of hard to predict exactly when it settles out, but we’re of course hoping that it settles quickly. And in the meantime, as you’ve heard, we are continuing to manage our cost structure to make sure that whatever revenue stream we’re at, if it drops a little or whatever, we are going to make sure that we’re able to deliver the EBITDA we need, that we stay profitable, that we generate the cash to service our debt and our CapEx needs. So, however it happens, we’re flexible and able to handle it. Operator: Our next question comes from Bruce Jackson with The Benchmark Company. Bruce Jackson: Hi, good morning and thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to go back to the ERP implementation, just real quick and get some more details. So it’s now in place and now it’s a matter of like getting the experience with it. Do you think that, you’re going to see any operational efficiencies from the ERP system during 2025? Jim Green: I do. But I’ve done I don’t at last count, I don’t know if it was five or six ERP system ERP transfers I’ve done and there’s always some initial learning curve. So there’s usually a little bit of chaos at first when you first turn it on because you’re now teaching your people to use a better more consistent process. We basically adopted we took the ERP system from our group in Minneapolis, which was very up to date. We control it well. We support it well. We brought it up to the latest. And it’s a leading type of system. And then we’ve integrated and we brought the rest of our operations in the U.S. may be here in Boston to that same ERP. So we’re synthesizing the processes here to adapting these to be the same as what we do in Minneapolis. That lets us be much more consistent. That gives us a ton of flexibility. It also helps us with provide better accounting for our inventories and it also gives us a better view of how we can work on reducing inventory and more efficient supply chain and shipping. So again, I always would expect the first maybe couple of quarters to be a little noisy, maybe some inefficiencies with your direct labor, because they’re learning to do something a little different than they’ve been. But it’s a better way to do it and you end up with a process that you can now tune. And definitely during the year, this will help us provide much better management of our inventory, much better management of the process around how we order the parts to take that are required for shipments. We’ll be able to better predict shipment times. And with that, just an overall efficiency and that should show up in improving gross margin. That’s where I would expect financially to measure that. So gross margin, I would expect to see inventory reductions as we get to later in the year and just an overall better business. Bruce Jackson: Okay, great. And then if we could just go into some of the new product opportunities in a little bit more detail. One of the major bottlenecks right now in CAR-T therapy is production and you’ve got this large biotech that’s working with your technology. How do you see that business unfolding over the course of this year? Jim Green: It’s going to be hard to predict because it is a longer cycle. We’re talking about new drugs and we know with the changes at in human services that there is which I think is good for us, there is going to be a push to make sure that any drug going through the pipeline goes through the full sets of preclinical testing and proper testing. So and that means they’re going to consume our products, our telemetry products, our testing products. So that’s good for us. But so clearly the BTX it is the electroporation is a key technology to use for generating many of these gene edited or DNA or RNA edited new generation drugs. And the more of these that go into the pipeline that to me that’s the most important thing. If I can get if I can be a part of more of those and if they’re using us to discover and create the compound and they use us to bridge them into bioproduction, it’s a more efficient way to do it. This should generate not just business for us in with these types of applications, it will also then pull in more of our other products as they get to through the preclinical phases. I don’t know if that answers your question, Bruce? Bruce Jackson: That’s helpful. And then if we could just also take a look at the sMEA organoid business, a lot of that right now is academically focused. Are these projects fully funded and are they going to be stable going forward? And this is just like, just putting aside the uncertainty around new grants and the research service expense issue. The current projects that you have going, are they fully funded and moving forward? Jim Green: Yes. The well, I mean, the as we expected, the initial adopters and it’s exactly what we’ve seen even in Q4 with placing 10 more systems, they are predominantly academics and predominantly in neuro research, neuro applications and also neurotox and safety which is good and some in cardiac. But we are seeing and we have placed a couple of units now with pharma companies who are doing the same kind of thing. And as we the big opportunity that I’ve always saw was prove the technology with the academics, move it into the research departments, discovery departments at the pharma companies and then allow that to get into the higher volume testing that needs to take place. We are getting demand in moving into those space. Roche is a big customer, long term customer of ours working with us with MEAs and moving toward MeshMEA. We expect that. And as you do that with a few companies that are well known, the word spreads, they all talk to each other that then we start to see more other pharma biotech type companies. We see others that are interested, we’re already talking to some are already in the purchasing process Pfizer, AbbVie. I mean these are real players. It’s going to take a while to adopt it because it is in some ways that they’ve been doing something for many years a certain way. They’ve got to jump that bridge to technology adoption. And the way to do it is to prove it out with the academics. I think the other real opportunity that we’re seeing is the ability to offer this in vitro product as a potential tox filtering capability. As I said, we have Synaxis in France working on working with standard types of drugs that you have to test you have to go through as a CSR or as a CRO does with the safety and tox testing. We’re also, I think about to announce that we’re working with a large CRO here in the United States and we’re planning we’re initially planning on a large correlation study between a population of small animals and correlated with a population with those particular animals. The idea is those particular animals that we would create brain organized from those animals and then be able to do long term correlation studies for again being able to very quickly and efficiently filter whether a drug is going to have toxic or safety issues before you get into having to wait and spend a lot of money on lots of small animals and take months and then have to destroy the animals to find out how it affected their organs. It’s a great way to make us more efficient. And at the end of the day, it should in theory provide the opportunity for lowering throughput or shortening the elapsed time, which means you then can expand and get more drugs through the cycle. So it should be an efficiency there. That’s why we think that has a big financial value proposition for the pharma companies. Bruce Jackson: Okay. And then one last MeshMEA question. You mentioned I think with the new distributor arrangements that these products could be included with that. Is that right? Jim Green: That’s right. We’ve always tended to have a good formal relationship with the big distributors in Europe. And we’ve tended to do more of the sales direct here in The United States and less of our equipment going through distribution. We’re now working with the big distributors, as you may all know who they are, to now expand and have us be a formal relationship with them with both those operations here in the United States. That means instead of me having five or six sales reps there prospecting, I’ve got 900 sales reps in The United States prospecting and lead generating. So and I think certainly when you do this through distribution, you always look to see does the distributor have an alternative product that maybe they’re conflicted whether they should sell yours or theirs. As we do this something like MeshMEA is clearly something that nobody has it. So I expect it to if nothing else just generate a lot more leads which does it is the entry into generating more orders of sales. Operator: Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I’d like to turn the call back over to Jim for any closing remarks. Jim Green: Okay. Thank you. Thank you for joining us. This ends today’s presentation. We’ll hope you’ll come back and join us in May to discuss our fiscal 2025 first quarter results. Thank you so much. Thanks. Bye, bye. Operator: Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.
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