Title	I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone…
ID	5028876
External ID	7384179665
Author	Unknown
Published Date	Dec. 12, 2024, 1:37 a.m.
Summary	Table of Contents Last week we recorded the 10th anniversary episode of the This is Money podcast in front of a live audience. At one point, we talked about premium bonuses and I joked that I was ho
Tags	None
URL	https://whatsnew2day.com/im-stockpiling-premium-bonds-despite-a-0-return-over-two-years-says-lee-boyce-but-theyre-not-right-for-everyone/
Sentiment	Negative: 0.56170 Neutral: 0.38912 Positive: 0.04918
Relevance	0.00787

Content ID	3024625
Key	4fe2a3dd-68be-4217-b59c-46500bbff1ab
Content	Table of Contents Last week we recorded the 10th anniversary episode of the This is Money podcast in front of a live audience. At one point, we talked about premium bonuses and I joked that I was hoarding them, a slang term made popular in the cryptocurrency world, meaning don't sell your bitcoins, ethereum, and co. when prices drop. In other words: hang on for dear life. And that's what I'm doing with Premium Bonds. Although my wealth held in the NS&I savings product does not potentially fall like volatile cryptocurrencies, inflation erodes it by not earning a consistent return. The average holding of premium bonds is £5,250, and around 24 million people hold them; many of course top out at £50,000, many others will be under £100, potentially purchased as early as the late 1950s. They have been in the news again recently, with the average award payout rate falling to 4 percent from a recent high of 4.65 percent, the third cut since March and back to the August 2023 level. Poor performance: I have returned 0% on my premium bonds since 2022, but I will maintain it Premium Bonus Winners Prize Area Bonus value £1,000,000 kent £49,950 £1,000,000 cumbria £10,000 £100,000 kent £50,000 £100,000 Croydon £5,000 £100,000 Northern Ireland £10,000 £100,000 Wiltshire £49,999 £100,000 West Midlands £50,000 £100,000 Essex £32,420 More winners from December 2024 See list of December 2024 winners The odds of a £1 Premium Bonus winning any prize are 22,000 to one. The more you have, the more likely you are to win a monthly prize. My personal profitability since opening them two and a half years ago is 0 percent. That's right, I've never won an award. I should note here that I'm just shy of the average amount, with my two biggest investments coming in mid-2023 and early 2024. With half luck, I should have won something, but alas, I haven't. ‘Move your money, moron' has crossed my mind several times in recent months, and the drop in the prize payout has brought it into sharper focus. But the thing is, no regular savings product offers the monthly thrill of winning big, probably the main reason people don't feel the need to move unless the rate really drops. Plus, you can withdraw your bet at any time, unlike, say, the lottery, which I rarely participate in. Getting back to the live podcast, after the show was recorded and I mingled with some of the audience, this is what listeners asked me the most and told their own stories about premium bonds. In short, it is clear that we Brits are very fond of them and, since we like the weather, they are also a big topic to complain about. Most of us also know a friend of a friend who won a big prize in Premium Bonds. Earlier this year, an acquaintance of mine told me that her mother had won £50,000. It's hope that catches you. Premium bonds make up a fraction of my savings, investment and pension portfolio. The mainstay should always be your pension, along with Isa savings, both in cash and stocks and shares. And although I'm nowhere near maxing out my £20,000 annual allocation, I still like to be in the running to earn it with the premium bonuses. They're a perfect home for those who are maxed out in terms of their Isa allowance and have built up a tidy pension pot – capped at £50,000, plus tax-free awards and a government-backed guarantee, it's a no-brainer. In fact, there are now almost 1.2 million maxed premium bonuses, which is part of the reason it has become harder to win with smaller stakes. At the other end of the spectrum, if you're just starting your savings and investing journey, they're probably not the right place for your cash – start with a regular saver, build up a fund, then build a diverse portfolio, and then consider it. Yes, sometimes people make a lot on less than £1000, but they are the exception, not the norm. In fact, in the last draw, the average entry for someone who won £100,000 was £41,141 and for £50,000 it was £40,813. Looking at draws from the last 12 months, the average holding of a £1 million winner is £36,949 less. But no-one with a stake of less than £10,000 has won the top prize this year, and nine of the £1m winners had the maximum of £50,000. In my opinion, there is one exception that justifies small holdings, and that is for children…although some financial experts might disagree. Yes, the money would be better served in a Junior Isa or stocks and shares Isa, but in my opinion, premium bonds as an alternative gift for birthdays and Christmas are more acceptable than another unnecessary toy from family and friends. The money is unlikely to grow much with small amounts coming in, but over time, it will at least add up, and from experience, grandparents can better understand premium bonds than money being diverted elsewhere. So should I sell them all and buy them back? That's a classic myth in the world of premium bonds… that somehow numbers bring bad luck, especially among those who bought them decades ago. But by doing that, I will only miss a tie, and all bonuses have an equal chance of winning. It's just that people are now more likely to buy them in large quantities, compared to a few pounds here and there in the 1950s and 1960s. You can read an article on premium bond conspiracy theory that I helped put together a few years ago. For the foreseeable, I will be holding. What are your Premium Bonus plans? Let me know: lee.boyce@thisismoney.co.uk SAVE MONEY, MAKE MONEY 1% refund 1% refund About debit card expenses. Maximum £15 per month* Energy bills Energy bills Find out if you could save with a fixed rate free share offer free share offer No account fee and free stock trading 4.5% Isa 1 year 4.5% Isa 1 year Hampshire confident of Hargreaves Lansdown Sip Rate Offer Sip Rate Offer Get six months free on a Sipp Affiliate links: If you purchase a This is Money product you may earn a commission. These offers are chosen by our editorial team as we think they are worth highlighting. This does not affect our editorial independence. *Chase: Refund available during the first year. Exceptions apply. Over 18 years of age, resident in the United Kingdom. Some links in this article may be affiliate links. If you click on them, we may earn a small commission. That helps us fund This Is Money and keep it free to use. We do not write articles to promote products. We do not allow any commercial relationship to affect our editorial independence.
Content Reference URL	None

Publisher Name	WhatsNew2Day
Publisher URL	https://whatsnew2day.com/
Description	None
Trust Flow Score	24
Citation Flow Score	38

Data Source Name	Quantexa News
Data Source Type	news
Data Source URL	https://app.aylien.com/dashboard
Description	Welcome to Quantexa News API — the most powerful way to aggregate, filter, and integrate global news data into your apps and models.
Weight	10

DJDT

Versions

Package	Name	Version
Django		5.0.3
Python		3.11.8
coverage	Coverage	7.4.4
debug_toolbar	Debug Toolbar	4.3.0
django_extensions	Django Extensions	3.2.3
grappelli	Grappelli	3.0.8

Time

Resource usage

Resource	Value
User CPU time	68.044 msec
System CPU time	4.370 msec
Total CPU time	72.414 msec
Elapsed time	77.149 msec
Context switches	5 voluntary, 6 involuntary

Browser timing

Timing attribute	Timeline	Milliseconds since navigation start (+length)

Settings from app.settings

Setting	Value
ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES	`{}`
ADMINS	`[]`
ALLOWED_HOSTS	`['*']`
ALPACA_API	`'********************'`
APPEND_SLASH	`True`
AUTH0_CLIENT_ID	`None`
AUTH0_CLIENT_SECRET	`'********************'`
AUTH0_DOMAIN	`None`
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS	`['django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend']`
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS	`'********************'`
AUTH_USER_MODEL	`'auth.User'`
BASE_DIR	`PosixPath('/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe')`
CACHES	`{'default': {'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache', 'LOCATION': '/var/tmp/django_cache'}}`
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS	`'default'`
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX	`'********************'`
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS	`600`
CELERY_BROKER_URL	`'redis://localhost:6379'`
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND	`'redis://localhost:6379'`
CSRF_COOKIE_AGE	`31449600`
CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN	`None`
CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	`False`
CSRF_COOKIE_NAME	`'csrftoken'`
CSRF_COOKIE_PATH	`'/'`
CSRF_COOKIE_SAMESITE	`'Lax'`
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE	`False`
CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW	`'django.views.csrf.csrf_failure'`
CSRF_HEADER_NAME	`'HTTP_X_CSRFTOKEN'`
CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS	`[]`
CSRF_USE_SESSIONS	`False`
DATABASES	`{'default': {'ATOMIC_REQUESTS': False, 'AUTOCOMMIT': True, 'CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS': True, 'CONN_MAX_AGE': 600, 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', 'HOST': '34.125.28.12', 'NAME': 'pennyloupe', 'OPTIONS': {'sslmode': 'require'}, 'PASSWORD': '********************', 'PORT': 5432, 'TEST': {'CHARSET': None, 'COLLATION': None, 'MIGRATE': True, 'MIRROR': None, 'NAME': None}, 'TIME_ZONE': None, 'USER': 'pennyloupe'}}`
DATABASE_ROUTERS	`[]`
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE	`2621440`
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS	`1000`
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FILES	`100`
DATETIME_FORMAT	`'N j, Y, P'`
DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS	`['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S.%f', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S.%f', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M']`
DATE_FORMAT	`'N j, Y'`
DATE_INPUT_FORMATS	`['%Y-%m-%d', '%m/%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y', '%b %d %Y', '%b %d, %Y', '%d %b %Y', '%d %b, %Y', '%B %d %Y', '%B %d, %Y', '%d %B %Y', '%d %B, %Y']`
DEBUG	`True`
DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS	`False`
DEBUG_TOOLBAR_CONFIG	`{'SHOW_TOOLBAR_CALLBACK': <function <lambda> at 0x7ff664cdbec0>}`
DECIMAL_SEPARATOR	`'.'`
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD	`'django.db.models.BigAutoField'`
DEFAULT_CHARSET	`'utf-8'`
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER	`'django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter'`
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER	`'django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter'`
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE	`'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage'`
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL	`'webmaster@localhost'`
DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE	`''`
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE	`''`
DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS	`[]`
EMAIL_BACKEND	`'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'`
EMAIL_HOST	`'localhost'`
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD	`'********************'`
EMAIL_HOST_USER	`''`
EMAIL_PORT	`25`
EMAIL_SSL_CERTFILE	`None`
EMAIL_SSL_KEYFILE	`'********************'`
EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX	`'[Django] '`
EMAIL_TIMEOUT	`None`
EMAIL_USE_LOCALTIME	`False`
EMAIL_USE_SSL	`False`
EMAIL_USE_TLS	`False`
FIELD_ENCRYPTION_KEY	`'********************'`
FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS	`None`
FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS	`['django.core.files.uploadhandler.MemoryFileUploadHandler', 'django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler']`
FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE	`2621440`
FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS	`420`
FILE_UPLOAD_TEMP_DIR	`None`
FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK	`0`
FIXTURE_DIRS	`[]`
FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME	`None`
FORMAT_MODULE_PATH	`None`
FORMS_URLFIELD_ASSUME_HTTPS	`False`
FORM_RENDERER	`'django.forms.renderers.DjangoTemplates'`
GRAPPELLI_ADMIN_TITLE	`'Penny Loupe'`
GRAPPELLI_AUTOCOMPLETE_SEARCH_FIELDS	`{'auth': {'user': ('id__iexact', 'username__icontains')}}`
IGNORABLE_404_URLS	`[]`
INSTALLED_APPS	`['coverage', 'grappelli', 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.humanize', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.postgres', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'django_htmx', 'app.core.apps.CoreConfig', 'django_extensions', 'debug_toolbar']`
INTERNAL_IPS	`['127.0.0.1']`
LANGUAGES	`[('en', 'English')]`
LANGUAGES_BIDI	`['he', 'ar', 'ar-dz', 'ckb', 'fa', 'ug', 'ur']`
LANGUAGE_CODE	`'en-us'`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_AGE	`None`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_DOMAIN	`None`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	`False`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME	`'django_language'`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_PATH	`'/'`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SAMESITE	`None`
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SECURE	`False`
LOCALE_PATHS	`[]`
LOGGING	`{}`
LOGGING_CONFIG	`'logging.config.dictConfig'`
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL	`'/accounts/profile/'`
LOGIN_URL	`'/accounts/login/'`
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL	`None`
MANAGERS	`[]`
MEDIA_ROOT	`PosixPath('/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/media')`
MEDIA_URL	`'/media/'`
MESSAGE_STORAGE	`'django.contrib.messages.storage.fallback.FallbackStorage'`
MIDDLEWARE	['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'django_htmx.middleware.HtmxMiddleware', 'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware']
MIGRATION_MODULES	`{}`
MONTH_DAY_FORMAT	`'F j'`
NUMBER_GROUPING	`0`
OPENAI_API_KEY	`'********************'`
PASSWORD_HASHERS	`'********************'`
PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT	`'********************'`
POLYGON_API_KEY	`'********************'`
PREPEND_WWW	`False`
QT_API_KEY	`'********************'`
QT_APP_ID	`'13d3cbab'`
QT_PASSWORD	`'********************'`
QT_USERNAME	`'kevin+dev3@pennyloupe.com'`
ROOT_URLCONF	`'app.urls'`
SCRAPER_API_KEY	`'********************'`
SECRET_KEY	`'********************'`
SECRET_KEY_FALLBACKS	`'********************'`
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF	`True`
SECURE_CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY	`'same-origin'`
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS	`False`
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD	`False`
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS	`0`
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER	`None`
SECURE_REDIRECT_EXEMPT	`[]`
SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY	`'same-origin'`
SECURE_SSL_HOST	`None`
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT	`False`
SERVER_EMAIL	`'root@localhost'`
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS	`'default'`
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE	`1209600`
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN	`None`
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	`True`
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME	`'sessionid'`
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH	`'/'`
SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE	`'Lax'`
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE	`False`
SESSION_ENGINE	`'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'`
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE	`False`
SESSION_FILE_PATH	`None`
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST	`False`
SESSION_SERIALIZER	`'django.contrib.sessions.serializers.JSONSerializer'`
SETTINGS_MODULE	`'app.settings'`
SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT	`'m/d/Y P'`
SHORT_DATE_FORMAT	`'m/d/Y'`
SIGNING_BACKEND	`'django.core.signing.TimestampSigner'`
SILENCED_SYSTEM_CHECKS	`[]`
SQL_FILES_DIR	`'/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/sql'`
STATICFILES_DIRS	`[]`
STATICFILES_FINDERS	`['django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder', 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder']`
STATICFILES_STORAGE	`'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'`
STATIC_ROOT	`PosixPath('/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/static')`
STATIC_URL	`'/static/'`
STORAGES	`{'default': {'BACKEND': 'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage'}, 'staticfiles': {'BACKEND': 'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'}}`
TEMPLATES	`[{'APP_DIRS': True, 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': ['templates'], 'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages']}}]`
TEST_NON_SERIALIZED_APPS	`[]`
TEST_RUNNER	`'django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner'`
THOUSAND_SEPARATOR	`','`
TIME_FORMAT	`'P'`
TIME_INPUT_FORMATS	`['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']`
TIME_ZONE	`'UTC'`
USE_I18N	`True`
USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR	`False`
USE_TZ	`True`
USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST	`False`
USE_X_FORWARDED_PORT	`False`
WSGI_APPLICATION	`'app.wsgi.application'`
X_FRAME_OPTIONS	`'DENY'`
YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT	`'F Y'`

Headers

Request headers

Key	Value
Accept	/
Accept-Encoding	gzip, br, zstd, deflate
Host	pennyloupe.com
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)

Response headers

Key	Value
Content-Type	text/html; charset=utf-8

WSGI environ

Since the WSGI environ inherits the environment of the server, only a significant subset is shown below.

Key	Value
CONTENT_LENGTH
CONTENT_TYPE
PATH_INFO	/ticker/LEE/content/5028876
QUERY_STRING
REMOTE_ADDR	18.191.156.36
REQUEST_METHOD	GET
SCRIPT_NAME
SERVER_NAME	pennyloupe.com
SERVER_PORT	443
SERVER_PROTOCOL	HTTP/1.1

Request

View information

View function	Arguments	Keyword arguments	URL name
`app.core.views.app.ticker_content_detail`	`()`	`{'content_id': 5028876, 'ticker': 'LEE'}`	`ticker_content_detail`

No cookies

No session data

No GET data

No POST data

SQL queries from 1 connection

default 4.41 ms (4 queries )

	Query		Timeline	Time (ms)	Action
		SELECT "pl_content"."created_dt", "pl_content"."updated_dt", "pl_content"."status_id", "pl_content"."id", "pl_content"."key", "pl_content"."fetch_ref_id", "pl_content"."ticker", "pl_content"."publish_dt", "pl_content"."external_id", "pl_content"."published_by", "pl_content"."title", "pl_content"."summary", "pl_content"."tags", "pl_content"."url", "pl_content"."author", "pl_content"."author_reputation_score", "pl_content"."content_length", "pl_content"."sentiment_positive", "pl_content"."sentiment_negative", "pl_content"."sentiment_neutral", "pl_content"."sentiment", "pl_content"."relevance_score", "pl_content"."votes_positive", "pl_content"."votes_negative", "pl_content"."is_processing_flag", "pl_content"."data_source_id", "pl_content"."publisher_id" FROM "pl_content" WHERE "pl_content"."id" = 5028876 LIMIT 21SELECT ••• FROM "pl_content" WHERE "pl_content"."id" = 5028876 LIMIT 21		0.97
		Connection: default Transaction status: Idle /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(1405) content = Content.objects.get(id=content_id)
		SELECT "pl_content_content"."created_dt", "pl_content_content"."updated_dt", "pl_content_content"."status_id", "pl_content_content"."id", "pl_content_content"."key", "pl_content_content"."content", "pl_content_content"."content_ref_url", "pl_content_content"."content_id" FROM "pl_content_content" WHERE "pl_content_content"."content_id" = 5028876 ORDER BY "pl_content_content"."id" ASC LIMIT 1SELECT ••• FROM "pl_content_content" WHERE "pl_content_content"."content_id" = 5028876 ORDER BY "pl_content_content"."id" ASC LIMIT 1		2.00
		Connection: default Transaction status: Idle /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(1411) content_content = ContentContent.objects.filter(details=content).first()
		SELECT "pl_content_publisher"."created_dt", "pl_content_publisher"."updated_dt", "pl_content_publisher"."status_id", "pl_content_publisher"."id", "pl_content_publisher"."name", "pl_content_publisher"."url", "pl_content_publisher"."domain", "pl_content_publisher"."description", "pl_content_publisher"."weight", "pl_content_publisher"."trust_flow_score", "pl_content_publisher"."citation_flow_score" FROM "pl_content_publisher" WHERE "pl_content_publisher"."id" = 4714 LIMIT 21SELECT ••• FROM "pl_content_publisher" WHERE "pl_content_publisher"."id" = 4714 LIMIT 21		0.72
		Connection: default Transaction status: Idle /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(1414) publisher = content.publisher
		SELECT "pl_data_source"."created_dt", "pl_data_source"."updated_dt", "pl_data_source"."status_id", "pl_data_source"."id", "pl_data_source"."name", "pl_data_source"."type", "pl_data_source"."url", "pl_data_source"."description", "pl_data_source"."weight", "pl_data_source"."class_name", "pl_data_source"."class_params_json" FROM "pl_data_source" WHERE "pl_data_source"."id" = 5 LIMIT 21SELECT ••• FROM "pl_data_source" WHERE "pl_data_source"."id" = 5 LIMIT 21		0.73
		Connection: default Transaction status: Idle /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/whitenoise/middleware.py in __call__(124) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_htmx/middleware.py in __call__(43) return self.get_response(request) /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/views/app.py in ticker_content_detail(1415) data_source = content.data_source

Static files (717 found, 2 used)

Static file paths

None

Static file apps

grappelli
django.contrib.admin
django_htmx
app.core
django_extensions
debug_toolbar

Static files

css/pennyloupe.css: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/static/css/pennyloupe.css
img/penny_loupe_logo.png: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/static/img/penny_loupe_logo.png

django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder (717 files)

Templates (6 rendered)

Template path

templates

Templates

ticker_content_detail.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/templates/ticker_content_detail.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7ff653b87f60>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7ff6530a3ce0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone… - Unknown>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 3024625>, 'data_source': <DataSource: Quantexa News>, 'publisher': <ContentPublisher: WhatsNew2Day>}, 'ticker': 'LEE'}
base.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/base.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7ff653b87f60>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7ff6530a3ce0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone… - Unknown>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 3024625>, 'data_source': <DataSource: Quantexa News>, 'publisher': <ContentPublisher: WhatsNew2Day>}, 'ticker': 'LEE'}
components/leftnav.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/components/leftnav.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7ff653b87f60>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7ff6530a3ce0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone… - Unknown>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 3024625>, 'data_source': <DataSource: Quantexa News>, 'publisher': <ContentPublisher: WhatsNew2Day>}, 'ticker': 'LEE'} {'block': <Block Node: leftnav. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n <div'>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/leftnav.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n </di'>]>}
components/header.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/components/header.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7ff653b87f60>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7ff6530a3ce0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone… - Unknown>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 3024625>, 'data_source': <DataSource: Quantexa News>, 'publisher': <ContentPublisher: WhatsNew2Day>}, 'ticker': 'LEE'} {'block': <Block Node: header. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n\n '>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/header.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n\n '>]>}
components/ticker_subnav.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/app/core/templates/components/ticker_subnav.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7ff653b87f60>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7ff6530a3ce0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone… - Unknown>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 3024625>, 'data_source': <DataSource: Quantexa News>, 'publisher': <ContentPublisher: WhatsNew2Day>}, 'ticker': 'LEE'} {'block': <Block Node: content. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n\n <div class="uk-flex'>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/ticker_subnav.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n <!-- /SUB NAV--'>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.title>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.id>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.external_id>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.author>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.publish_dt>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.summary>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.tags>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_negative>, <TextNode: '   \n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_neutral>, <TextNode: '   \n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_positive>, <TextNode: '<br/>\n '>, <django.template.defaulttags.WidthRatioNode object at 0x7ff654269b10>, <TextNode: '%;"></div>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_neutral>, <TextNode: '" style="width:'>, <django.template.defaulttags.WidthRatioNode object at 0x7ff654269f10>, <TextNode: '%;"></div>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.sentiment_positive>, <TextNode: '" style="width:'>, <django.template.defaulttags.WidthRatioNode object at 0x7ff65426a350>, <TextNode: '%;"></div>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.content.relevance_score>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n '>, <IfNode>, <TextNode: '\n <li clas'>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.name>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.type>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.url>, <TextNode: '" target="_blank">'>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.url>, <TextNode: '</a></td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.description>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>, <Variable Node: content_detail.data_source.weight>, <TextNode: '</td>\n '>]>} {'ticker': 'LEE'}
components/footer.html: /mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/templates/components/footer.html; Toggle context
{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True} {'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'ERROR': 40, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30}, 'csrf_token': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at ' '0x7ff653b87f60>>', 'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>), 'request': '<<request>>', 'user': '<SimpleLazyObject: <function ' 'AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at ' '0x7ff6530a3ce0>>'} {'content_detail': {'content': <Content: I'm stockpiling premium bonds despite a 0% return over two years, says LEE BOYCE, but they're not right for everyone… - Unknown>, 'content_content': <ContentContent: Content ID: 3024625>, 'data_source': <DataSource: Quantexa News>, 'publisher': <ContentPublisher: WhatsNew2Day>}, 'ticker': 'LEE'} {'block': <Block Node: footer. Contents: [<TextNode: '\n '>, <IncludeNode: template=<FilterExpression '"components/footer.html"'>>, <TextNode: '\n '>]>}

Context processors

django.template.context_processors.csrf: Toggle context
{'csrf_token': <SimpleLazyObject: <function csrf.<locals>._get_val at 0x7ff653b87f60>>}
django.template.context_processors.debug: Toggle context
{}
django.template.context_processors.request: Toggle context
{'request': <WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>}
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth: Toggle context
{'user': <SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>, 'perms': PermWrapper(<SimpleLazyObject: <function AuthenticationMiddleware.process_request.<locals>.<lambda> at 0x7ff6530a3ce0>>)}
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages: Toggle context
{'messages': <FallbackStorage: request=<WSGIRequest: GET '/ticker/LEE/content/5028876'>>, 'DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVELS': {'DEBUG': 10, 'INFO': 20, 'SUCCESS': 25, 'WARNING': 30, 'ERROR': 40}}

Cache calls from 1 backend

Summary

Total calls	Total time	Cache hits	Cache misses
0	0 ms	0	0

Commands

add	get	set	get_or_set	touch	delete	clear	get_many	set_many	delete_many	has_key	incr	decr	incr_version	decr_version
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Signals

Signal	Receivers
class_prepared
connection_created	register_type_handlers
got_request_exception
m2m_changed
post_delete
post_init
post_migrate	create_permissions, create_contenttypes
post_save	create_initial_trade_position
pre_delete
pre_init
pre_migrate	inject_rename_contenttypes_operations
pre_save
request_finished	close_old_connections, close_caches, reset_urlconf
request_started	reset_queries, close_old_connections
setting_changed	reset_cache, clear_cache_handlers, update_installed_apps, update_connections_time_zone, clear_routers_cache, reset_template_engines, storages_changed, clear_serializers_cache, language_changed, localize_settings_changed, file_storage_changed, complex_setting_changed, root_urlconf_changed, static_storage_changed, static_finders_changed, auth_password_validators_changed, user_model_swapped, update_toolbar_config, reset_hashers, update_level_tags, uninstall_if_needed, clear_caches, StaticFilesStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties, FileSystemStorage._clear_cached_properties

Path	Location
.DS_Store	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/.DS_Store
grappelli/.DS_Store	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/.DS_Store
grappelli/js/grappelli.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/grappelli.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_m2m.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_m2m.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_fk.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_fk.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_generic.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_generic.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_timepicker.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_timepicker.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible_group.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible_group.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_generic.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_generic.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_fk.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_related_fk.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_collapsible.js
grappelli/js/grappelli.min.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/grappelli.min.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_m2m.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_autocomplete_m2m.js
grappelli/js/jquery.grp_inline.js	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/js/jquery.grp_inline.js
grappelli/images/spritesheet-1694777276.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/spritesheet-1694777276.png
grappelli/images/backgrounds/loading-small.gif	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/loading-small.gif
grappelli/images/backgrounds/changelist-results.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/changelist-results.png
grappelli/images/backgrounds/ui-sortable-placeholder.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/ui-sortable-placeholder.png
grappelli/images/backgrounds/nav-grabber.gif	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/nav-grabber.gif
grappelli/images/backgrounds/messagelist.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/backgrounds/messagelist.png
grappelli/images/icons/ui-datepicker-next.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/ui-datepicker-next.png
grappelli/images/icons/link-external-small_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/link-external-small_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-arrow-up-handler_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-arrow-up-handler_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/date-hierarchy-back.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/date-hierarchy-back.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler-predelete.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler-predelete.png
grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs-rtl.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs-rtl.png
grappelli/images/icons/datepicker_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/datepicker_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-trash-handler_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-trash-handler_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/selector-add-m2m-vertical_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/selector-add-m2m-vertical_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/sorted-descending.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/sorted-descending.png
grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/breadcrumbs_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-viewsite-link_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-viewsite-link_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/object-tools-add-link.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/object-tools-add-link.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-edit-handler-small-disabled.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-edit-handler-small-disabled.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small-disabled.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-related-remove-handler-small-disabled.png
grappelli/images/icons/sorted-ascending.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/sorted-ascending.png
grappelli/images/icons/link-internal-rtl-small_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/link-internal-rtl-small_hover.png
grappelli/images/icons/pulldown-handler_selected.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/pulldown-handler_selected.png
grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler_hover.png	/mnt/disks/pennyloupe_disk/pennyloupe/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/grappelli/static/grappelli/images/icons/tools-delete-handler_hover.png

Content Detail

Versions

Time

Resource usage

Browser timing

Settings from app.settings

Headers

Request headers

Response headers

WSGI environ

Request

View information

No cookies

No session data

No GET data

No POST data

SQL queries from 1 connection

Static files (717 found, 2 used)

Static file paths

Static file apps

Static files

django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder (717 files)

Templates (6 rendered)

Template path

Templates

Context processors

Cache calls from 1 backend

Summary

Commands

Signals