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  Title	Platinum Metals : Q3 2025 MD&A
  ID	11547046
  External ID	7895825478
  Author	Unknown
  Published Date	July 11, 2025, 4:09 p.m.
  Summary	Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (A Development Stage Company) Management's Discussion and Analysis For the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025 This Management's Discussion and Analysis is prepared as o
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  URL	https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/platinum-group-metals-ltd-49601870/news/platinum-metals-q3-2025-md-a-50493624/
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  Content ID	7376409
  Key	eabfcb30-b815-4de0-b876-5db42705fdbd
  Content	Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (A Development Stage Company) Management's Discussion and Analysis For the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025 This Management's Discussion and Analysis is prepared as of July 11, 2025 A copy of this report will be provided to any shareholder who requests it. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS This management's discussion and analysis (" MD&A ") of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (" Platinum Group ", the " Company " or " PTM ") is dated as of July 11, 2025, and focuses on the Company's financial condition, cash flows and results of operations as at and for the nine month period ended May 31, 2025. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended May 31, 2025, together with the notes thereto (the " Financial Statements The Company prepares its Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (" IFRS Accounting Standards "), applicable to the preparation of interim financial statements including International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting. All dollar figures included therein and in the following MD&A are quoted in United States Dollars unless otherwise noted. All references to "U.S. Dollars", "$" or to "US$" are to United States Dollars. All references to "C$" are to Canadian Dollars. All references to "ZAR", "R" or to "Rand" are to South African Rand. The Company uses the U.S. Dollar as its presentation currency. PRELIMINARY NOTES Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This MD&A and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, " Forward-Looking Statements "). All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will, may, could or might occur in the future are Forward-Looking Statements. The words "expects", "anticipate", "estimate", "forecast" "may", "could", "might", "will", "would", "should", "intend", "believe", "target", "budget", "plan", "strategy", "goals", "objectives", "projection" or the negative of any of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify Forward-Looking Statements, although these words may not be present in all Forward-Looking Statements. Forward-Looking Statements included or incorporated by reference in this MD&A may include, without limitation, statements related to: the timing and completion of sales of common shares of the Company (" Common Shares ") under the 2025 ATM (as defined below); the use of proceeds from the 2025 ATM and our plans and objectives with respect to the 2025 ATM; the timely completion of additional required financings and potential terms thereof; the completion of appropriate contractual smelting and/or refining arrangements with a third-party smelter/refiner or Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd. (" Implats the projections set forth or incorporated into, or derived from, the Waterberg DFS Update (as defined below), including, without limitation, estimates of mineral resources and mineral reserves, and projections relating to future prices of metals, commodities and supplies, currency rates, capital and operating expenses, production rate, grade, recovery and return, and other technical, operational and financial forecasts; the approval of a water use licence and environmental permits for, and other developments related to, a deposit area discovered by the Company on the Waterberg property (the " Waterberg Project ") located on the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa, approximately 85 km north of the town of Mokopane; the Company's expectations with respect to the outcome of a review application in the High Court of South Africa (the " High Court ") to set aside a decision by the Minister of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (" DFFE ") to refuse condonation for the late filing of the appeal by individuals from a community group against the grant of an Environmental Authorization (" EA ") for the Waterberg Project; the Company's expectations with respect to the outcome of an application in the High Court seeking to declare invalid the grant of a mining right to Waterberg JV Resources Proprietary Limited (" Waterberg JV Co .") by the South African Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources (" DMR ") on January 28, 2021; the negotiation and execution of long term access agreements, on reasonable terms, with communities recognized as titled landowners of three farms where surface and underground mine infrastructure is planned, and rezoning for mining use; the development of performance indicators to measure and monitor key environmental, social sustainability and governance activities at the Waterberg Project; risks related to geopolitical events and other uncertainties, such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East; the adequacy of capital, financing needs and the availability of and potential for obtaining further capital; the ability or willingness of the shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. to fund their pro rata portion of the funding obligations for the Waterberg Project; impacts of current and future tariffs; risks relating to deteriorating relations between South Africa and the United States; revenue, cash flow and cost estimates and assumptions; the ability of state electricity utility ESKOM Holdings SOC Limited (" ESKOM ") to supply sufficient power to the Waterberg Project; future events or future performance; development of next generation battery technology by the Company's battery technology joint venture (described below); potential benefits of Lion Battery Technologies Inc. engaging The Battery Innovation Center (" BIC governmental and securities exchange laws, rules, regulations, orders, consents, decrees, provisions, charters, frameworks, schemes and regimes, including interpretations of and compliance with the same; developments in South African politics and laws relating to the mining industry; anticipated exploration, development, construction, production, permitting and other activities on the Company's properties; project economics; future metal prices and currency exchange rates; the identification of several large-scale water basins that could provide mine process and potable water for the Waterberg Project and local communities; the Company's expectations with respect to the outcomes of litigation; mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates; potential changes in the ownership structures of the Company's projects; the Company's ability to license certain intellectual property; and the potential use of alternative renewable energy sources for the Waterberg Project; Forward-Looking Statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual events or results to differ materially from those discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements, and even if events or results discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: future sales of Common Shares under the 2025 ATM; the Company's additional financing requirements; the effect of future debt financing on the Company and its financial condition; the Company's history of losses and expectations that will continue to incur losses until the Waterberg Project reaches commercial production on a profitable basis, which may never occur; the Company's negative operating cash flow; the Company's ability to continue as a going concern; uncertainty of estimated mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates, production, development plans and cost estimates for the Waterberg Project; the Company's ability to bring properties into a state of commercial production; the potential impact of international conflict and geopolitical tensions and events on the Company; the impact of tariffs or trade barriers on the Company particularly a potential reduction in demand for platinum and palladium; adverse changes in relations between South Africa and the United States, affecting the Company's business; discrepancies between actual and estimated mineral reserves and mineral resources, between actual and estimated development and operating costs, between actual and estimated metallurgical recoveries and between estimated and actual production; fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S. Dollar, the Rand and the Canadian Dollar; volatility in metals prices; the possibility that the Company may become subject to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; Implats or another third-party may not enter into appropriate contractual smelting and/or refining arrangements with Waterberg JV Co.; the ability of the Company to acquire the necessary surface access rights on commercially acceptable terms or at all; the ability of state electricity utility ESKOM to supply sufficient power to the Waterberg Project; the failure of the Company or the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. to fund their pro rata share of funding obligations for the Waterberg Project; any disputes or disagreements with the other shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. or Mnombo Wethu Consultants Proprietary Limited (" Mnombo "), a South African Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (" BEE ") company; the Company is subject to assessment by various taxation authorities, who may interpret tax legislation in a manner different from the Company, which may negatively affect the final amount or the timing of the payment or refund of taxes; the Company's ability to attract and retain its key management employees; contractor performance and delivery of services, changes in contractors or their scope of work or any disputes with contractors; conflicts of interest among the Company's officers and directors; any designation of the Company as a "passive foreign investment company" for its current and future tax years and potential adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. shareholders; litigation or other legal or administrative proceedings brought against or relating to the Company, including the review application to set aside a decision by the Minister of the DFFE to refuse condonation for the late filing of the appeal by individuals from a community group against the grant of an EA for the Waterberg Project and an application brought by a group within two local communities, claiming they represent those communities, seeking to declare invalid the grant of a mining right to Waterberg JV Co. by the DMR; information systems and cyber security risks; actual or alleged breaches of governance processes or instances of fraud, bribery or corruption; exploration, development and mining risks and the inherently dangerous nature of the mining industry, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected formations, safety stoppages (whether voluntary or regulatory), pressures, mine collapses, cave ins or flooding and the risk of inadequate insurance or inability to obtain insurance to cover these risks and other risks and uncertainties; property zoning and mineral title risks including defective title to mineral claims or property; changes in national and local government legislation, taxation, controls, regulations and political or economic developments in Canada, South Africa or other countries in which the Company does or may carry out business in the future; equipment shortages and the ability of the Company to acquire the necessary infrastructure for its mineral properties; environmental regulations and the ability to obtain and maintain necessary permits, including environmental authorizations and water use licences; extreme competition in the mineral exploration industry; delays in obtaining, or a failure to obtain, permits necessary for current or future operations or failures to comply with the terms of such permits; any adverse decision in respect of the Company's mineral rights and projects in South Africa under the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act of 2002 (the " MPRDA risks of doing business in South Africa, including but not limited to, labour, economic and political instability and potential changes to and failures to comply with legislation; the failure to maintain or increase equity participation by historically disadvantaged South Africans in the Company's prospecting and mining operations and to otherwise comply with the amended Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the Mining and Minerals Industry, 2018 (the " Mining Charter 2018 certain potential adverse Canadian tax consequences for foreign-controlled Canadian companies that acquire Common Shares; socio economic instability in South Africa or regionally, including risks of resource nationalism; labour disruptions and increased labour costs; interruptions, shortages or cuts in the supply of electricity or water and annual increases in usage costs; characteristics of and changes in the tax and royalties systems in South Africa; a change in community relations; opposition from local and international groups, and/or the media; South African foreign exchange controls impacting repatriation of profits; land restitution claims or land expropriation; restriction on dividend payments; the risk that the Common Shares may be delisted; volatility in the price of the Common Shares; the exercise or settlement of stock options, restricted share units, or warrants resulting in dilution to the holders of Common Shares; future sales of equity securities decreasing the value of the Common Shares, diluting investors' voting power, and reducing our earnings per share; enforcing judgements based on the civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws; pandemics and other public health crises; global financial conditions; government imposed shutdowns or expense increases; water license risks; and other risks disclosed under the heading "Risk Factors" in this MD&A and in the Company's Annual Information Form for the year ended August 31, 2024 (" 2024 AIF "), and annual report on Form 40-F for the year ended August 31, 2024, as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (" 2024 40-F These factors should be considered carefully, and investors should not place undue reliance on the Company's Forward-Looking Statements. In addition, although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions or results to differ materially from those described in Forward-Looking Statements, there may be other factors that cause actions or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Any Forward-Looking Statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any Forward-Looking Statement, whether because of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Legislation and Mining Charter 2018 The MPRDA, the Mining Charter 2018, and related regulations in South Africa required that Waterberg JV Co.'s BEE shareholder(s) own a 26% equity interest in Waterberg JV Co. to qualify for the grant of a mining right. Within five years of the effective date of a mining right, this BEE shareholding must be increased to 30%. The DMR had obtained an exemption from applying the generic BEE Codes of Good Practice (" Generic BEE Codes ") under the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act of 2003 until October 31, 2016, then extended until December 31, 2016. No further exemption was obtained thereafter, and, as a matter of law, the Generic BEE Codes now apply to the issuance and maintenance of licenses and other authorizations. As a matter of practice, the DMR has continued to apply the provisions of Mining Charter 2018 rather than the Generic BEE Codes. For a comprehensive discussion of Mining Charter 2018 and the Generic BEE Codes, please refer to the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the 2024 AIF and the separate 2024 40-F, which was also filed by the Company, as well as in the documents incorporated by reference therein. The 2024 AIF and the 2024 40-F may be found on SEDAR+ at https://www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at https://www.sec.gov Mineral Reserves and Resources The mineral resource and mineral reserve figures referred to in this MD&A and the documents incorporated herein by reference are estimates and no assurances can be given that the indicated levels of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold (collectively referred to as " 4E ", or " PGEs ") will be produced. Such estimates are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, mining experience, analysis of drilling results and industry practices. Valid estimates made at a given time may significantly change when new information becomes available. By their nature, mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates are imprecise and depend, to a certain extent, upon statistical inferences which may ultimately prove unreliable. Any inaccuracy or future reduction in such estimates could have a material adverse impact on the Company. Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Reserve and Resource Estimates The Waterberg DFS Update (as defined below) has been prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects NI 43-101 ") and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's (" SEC ") Modernized Property Disclosure Requirements for Mining Registrants as described in Subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K, Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations and Item 601(b)(96) Technical Report Summary of Regulation S-K (collectively, " S-K 1300 "). The technical and scientific information contained in this MD&A has been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101, which differs from the standards adopted by the SEC in S-K 1300. NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. These standards differ significantly from the mineral reserve disclosure requirements of the SEC. Accordingly, the technical and scientific information contained in this MD&A, including mineral reserve and mineral resource information included and incorporated by reference in this MD&A, may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies subject to the disclosure requirements of the SEC in S-K 1300. Technical and Scientific Information The technical and scientific information contained in this MD&A, including, but not limited to, all references to and descriptions of technical reports and studies, has been reviewed by Robert van Egmond, P.Geo., a consultant geologist to the Company and a former employee. Mr. van Egmond is a "qualified person" as defined in NI 43-101 and S-K 1300 (a " Qualified Person ") and is independent within the meaning of NI 43-101. Adoption of Amendments to Accounting Standards In October 2022, the International Accounting Standards Board issued Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (Amendments to IAS 1). The amendments to IAS 1 affect only the presentation of liabilities as current or non-current in the statement of financial position and not the amount or timing of recognition of any asset, liability, income or expenses, or the information disclosed about those items. The adoption of the amendments to the standard did not materially impact the financial statements of the Company. Non-GAAP Measures This MD&A may include certain terms, technical information or performance measures commonly used in the mining industry (" Mining Information ") that are not defined and do not have any standardized meaning under IFRS Accounting Standards and therefore may not be comparable to other issuers. We believe that, in addition to conventional financial measures prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, certain investors use this Mining Information to evaluate our performance. The Mining Information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Overview Platinum Group Metals Ltd. is a British Columbia, Canada company formed on February 18, 2002, pursuant to an order of the Supreme Court of British Columbia approving an amalgamation between Platinum Group Metals Ltd. and New Millennium Metals Corporation. The Company is a platinum and palladium focused exploration and development company conducting work primarily on mineral properties it has staked or acquired by way of option agreements or applications in the Republic of South Africa. The Company's business is currently focused on the engineering and development of the Waterberg Project, which hosts a PGE and base metal bearing deposit discovered in 2011 by the Company as a result of a regional exploration initiative targeting a previously unknown extension to the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa. The Waterberg Project is located approximately 85 km north of the town of Mokopane. At May 31, 2025, the Waterberg Project covered an area of 29,161 hectares consisting of the Waterberg Mining Right (as defined below), one active prospecting right, and one application for the incorporation of two adjacent farms into the Waterberg Mining Right. Of the total project area, 20,482 hectares are covered by the Waterberg Mining Right. The one active prospecting right described above, consisting of approximately 4,190 hectares located adjacent to the north of the Waterberg Mining Right, is planned for closure during calendar 2025. At May 31, 2025, the Company held a controlling 50.29% beneficial interest in the Waterberg Project, comprised of a direct 37.32% interest and an indirect 12.97% interest through its 49.9% shareholding in Mnombo. The Company is currently the operator of the Waterberg Project, as directed by the technical committee of Waterberg JV Co. Mnombo currently retains a 26.0% direct interest in Waterberg JV Co. Through HJ Platinum Metals Company Ltd. (" HJM "), Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (formerly Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) (" JOGMEC ") and Hanwa Co., Ltd (" Hanwa ") collectively hold 21.95% of Waterberg JV Co. Since 2023, JOGMEC and Hanwa have agreed amongst themselves to fund their future equity investments in the Waterberg Project through HJM on a 75% / 25% basis. At May 31, 2025, Implats held a 14.73% participating project interest and a right of first refusal to match concentrate offtake terms offered to Waterberg JV Co. by any bona fide third-party offtaker (the " Offtake ROFR On September 16, 2024, the Company published the results of an updated definitive feasibility study for the Waterberg Project. On October 9, 2024, the Company filed the related technical report titled "Waterberg Definitive Feasibility Study Update, Bushveld Igneous Complex, Republic of South Africa" (the " Waterberg DFS Update ") on SEDAR+ at https://www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at https://www.sec.gov . The Waterberg DFS Update replaces an earlier feasibility study completed and filed in September 2019. The Waterberg DFS Update is dated October 9, 2024, and was prepared by Michael Murphy, P. Eng. of Stantec Consulting Ltd., Charles J Muller, B. Sc. (Hons) Geology, Pri. Sci. Nat. of Protek Consulting (Pty) Ltd., and Gordon I Cunningham, B. Eng. (Chemical), Pr. Eng., FSAIMM of Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd. DRA Projects SA (Pty) Ltd., an experienced South African engineering and EPCM firm, provided the plant design and compiled the capital cost estimates for the Waterberg Project Qualified Persons. The Waterberg DFS Update also supports the disclosure of an updated independent mineral resource estimate effective August 31, 2024. The Company and Waterberg JV Co. are assessing commercial alternatives for mine development financing and concentrate offtake. The Company is in discussion with several South African smelter operators, including Implats, with a view to establish formal concentrate offtake arrangements for the Waterberg Project. Although discussions continue, to date no formal concentrate offtake terms have been achieved. The Company is also assessing the possibility of constructing a smelter and base metal refinery (" BMR ") for the processing of Waterberg Project concentrate to produce an upgraded product for sale in the market without the need for treatment by a third-party offtaker. See more details at "Concentrate Offtake and Processing" below. Lion Battery Technologies Inc. On July 12, 2019, the Company, together with an affiliate of Valterra Platinum Limited (previously Anglo American Platinum Limited) (" Valterra "), launched a venture through a jointly owned company, Lion Battery Technologies Inc. (" Lion "), to accelerate the development of next generation battery technology using platinum and palladium. The Company received 400,000 common shares of Lion, valued at a price of $0.01 per share, as the original founder of Lion. Under the terms of an investment agreement, both the Company and Valterra were to equally invest up to an aggregate of $4.0 million into Lion of which approximately $1.0 million would be for general and administrative expenses and the commercialization of the technology developed, subject to certain conditions. On July 6, 2021, the Company and Valterra agreed to increase the planned funding to Lion by a further $2.7 million (to a total of up to $6.7 million) in order to allow the acceleration of certain research and commercialization activities. All agreed funding into Lion by the Company and Valterra is to be in exchange for preferred shares of Lion at a price of $0.50 per share over an approximate three to five year period. During the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, both Valterra and the Company invested $40,000 for 80,000 shares each. At May 31, 2025, the Company owns 52.04% of Lion, while Valterra owns 47.96%. To May 31, 2025, Valterra and the Company have funded Lion equally for an aggregate of $4.69 million as follows: On July 12, 2019, Lion entered into an agreement (the " Sponsored Research Agreement ") with Florida International University (" FIU ") to fund a $3.0 million research program utilizing platinum and palladium to unlock the potential of Lithium Air and Lithium Sulphur battery chemistries to increase their discharge capacities and cyclability. On July 6, 2021, Lion agreed to increase the planned amount of research funding to FIU by a further amount of $1.0 million, for a total of up to $4.0 million. The Sponsored Research Agreement was subsequently amended and currently remains valid until December 31, 2025. Further extensions and additional commercialization work are currently under consideration by all parties. On August 4, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 10,734,636 B2 titled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability" to FIU. The patent includes the use of platinum group metals and carbon nanotubes and other innovations in a lithium battery. A second patent related to this work was issued in December 2020 and a third was issued on June 15, 2021. On October 4, 2022, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Patent No. 11,462,743 B2 titled "Battery comprising a metal interlayer" to FIU. The patent involves the use of palladium as interlayer in batteries to stabilize and enable lithium metal anodes in various existing and emerging lithium battery technologies. On February 21, 2023, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued FIU a fifth patent No. 11,588,144 B2 titled "Battery Cathodes for Improved Stability". This patent involves the fabrication of cathodes using palladium as a catalyst in carbon nanotubes. Further patents are currently applied for. Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, Lion has exclusive rights to all intellectual property being developed by FIU, including patents granted, and will lead all commercialization efforts. Lion is also reviewing several additional and complementary opportunities focused on developing next-generation battery technology using platinum and palladium. On June 21, 2023, the Company reported that Lion had engaged BIC in Newberry, Indiana, to help drive commercialization of its next generation lithium-sulfur and enhanced lithium-ion (NMC) technology using the unique catalytic properties of platinum and palladium. Under an agreed scope of work (the " SOW "), during late calendar 2023 and 2024, BIC conducted independent small scale and large-scale trials to validate Lion's proprietary platinum and palladium based electrode composition, slurry, and films in both lithium-sulfur and lithium-ion (NMC811) coin and pouch cells. The SOW included additional research and development focused on improving performance and scale-up with the goal of creating prototypes for commercialization consideration. In early calendar 2025 this work was completed, and BIC is now working through final cell testing and teardown services to analyze cells at end of life. Personnel The Waterberg Project is operated by the Company primarily utilizing its own staff and personnel. Contract drilling, geotechnical, engineering and support services are also utilized as required. The Company's complement of managers, staff, and technical personnel currently consists of 8 individuals in South Africa and 5 individuals in Canada. Platinum Group Metals (RSA) Proprietary Limited, the wholly owned South African subsidiary of the Company and Waterberg JV Co. also utilize contract services from a professional security firm as well as consultants and temporary workers from time to time. In addition to the 8 individuals described above, one specialized consultant has been engaged from time to time in South Africa to assist with the implementation and execution of the Waterberg Social and Labour Plan (" Waterberg SLP ") as well as stakeholder and community communication and engagement activities with regard thereto. PROPERTIES Under IFRS Accounting Standards, the Company capitalizes all acquisition, exploration and development costs related to mineral properties. The recoverability of these amounts is dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable mineral reserves, the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing to complete the development of the property, and any future profitable production, or alternatively upon the Company's ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous basis. The Company evaluates the carrying value of its property interests on a regular basis. Management is required to make significant judgements to identify potential impairment indicators. Any properties that management deems to be impaired are written down to their estimated net recoverable amount. For more information on mineral properties, see below and Note 3 of the Financial Statements. WATERBERG PROJECT Recent Activities During the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, $1.6 million of expenditure was capitalized at the Waterberg Project for work carried out pursuant to the Stage Four and Stage Five Budgets (as defined below). This work included mineral resource geology, Waterberg DFS Update engineering, infrastructure engineering, and project area maintenance and security. Environmental management requirements and other regulatory compliance activities continue. Work on community engagement and components of the Waterberg SLP are also underway. As of May 31, 2025, $48.0 million in accumulated net costs had been capitalized to the Waterberg Project. Total expenditures on the property since inception from all investor sources to May 31, 2025, are approximately $90.8 million. On October 20, 2022, the Company announced that Waterberg JV Co. had approved in principle a $21 million preconstruction work program (" Work Program ") for the Waterberg Project, focused on early infrastructure, de-risking and project optimization. Work items included infill and exploration drilling, initial road access, water supply, essential site facilities, a first phase accommodation lodge, a site construction power supply from state utility ESKOM, and advancement of the Waterberg SLP. The first two stages of the Work Program totaling $6.1 million were completed in August 2023. Specific activities included infill drilling, geotechnical drilling, an exploration borehole, mineral resource estimation, Waterberg DFS Update engineering, pre-construction engineering, electrical power supply engineering and the permitting and licensing of Construction Aggregate borrow pits at locations identified near the planned Waterberg Project mine site. On December 11, 2023, the board of directors of Waterberg JV Co. unanimously approved a work program in the amount of R29.8 million (approximately $1.65 million) for a third stage of work (the " Stage Three Budget ") covering a six-month period from September 2023 to February 2024. The shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. also approved the Stage Three Budget, with Implats abstaining. The Stage Three Budget funded ongoing work activities, including the Waterberg DFS Update (see below), and normal project maintenance. On December 12, 2023, Implats advised that in the current operating environment and following their own restrictions to capital allocation across their portfolio, Implats could not fund their pro rata share of the Stage Three Budget. As a result, Implats' interest in Waterberg JV Co. was diluted by 0.049% to approximately 14.951% during the third fiscal quarter of 2024. On April 3, 2024, the Waterberg JV Co. shareholders and the board of directors of Waterberg JV Co. approved a fourth stage of work (the " Stage Four Budget ") in the amount of R24.4 million (approximately US$1.35 million) to allow the continuation of work programs underway while the Waterberg DFS Update was finalized. On May 9, 2024, Implats again advised that in the current operating environment and following their own restriction to capital allocation across their portfolio, Implats could not fund their pro rata share of the Stage Four Budget. As a result, in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 Implats' interest in Waterberg JV Co. was diluted by a further 0.09% to approximately 14.86%. On February 18, 2025, the board of directors of Waterberg JV Co. unanimously approved a fifth stage of work (the " Stage Five Budget ") in the amount of R42.0 million (approximately US$2.27 million) for fiscal year 2025, to allow for the continuation of work programs underway. The shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. also approved the Stage Five Budget. Implats did not fund their pro rata share of the Stage Five Budget and as a result Implats' interest in Waterberg JV Co. was diluted by a further 0.13% to 14.73%. Shareholders of Waterberg JV Co. have the right to contribute the cash contribution shortfall of any diluting shareholder, pro rata to the aggregate shareholding of all shareholders who elect to fund such a shortfall. Platinum Group alone elected to fund all of Implats' funding shortfalls as described above, resulting in an increase to the Company's direct holding in Waterberg JV Co. of 0.27%, bringing the Company's total direct holding to 37.32%. Implats has advised they will consider the funding of subsequent cash calls as future circumstances allow. A construction decision has not yet occurred and although some pre-production work is underway on the Waterberg Project, a formal start date has not yet been declared as of the date of this MD&A. Concentrate Offtake and Processing The Company and Waterberg JV Co. are assessing commercial alternatives for mine development financing and concentrate offtake. Before mine financing and a construction decision can be undertaken, sales revenue must be confirmed by way of arrangements for Waterberg Project concentrate offtake or processing. The Waterberg DFS Update stated that "Additional smelting capacity may need to be constructed in the industry to be able to treat the flotation concentrate from the Waterberg Project and the other potential Northern Limb mines." Any transaction for concentrate offtake between Waterberg JV Co. and an entity involving any one or more shareholders must be entered into on a bona fide arms-length basis and for fair value. The Offtake ROFR would allow Implats the opportunity to match concentrate offtake terms offered to Waterberg JV Co. by a bona fide third-party. Existing Smelters in South Africa Obtaining reasonable terms for Waterberg Project concentrate offtake from an existing smelter/refiner in South Africa is considered the preferred option. The Company has discussed concentrate offtake terms with four South African smelter operators, including Implats, with a view to establishing formal concentrate offtake arrangements for the Waterberg Project. To date no formal concentrate offtake terms have been achieved. Construction of a Smelter in South Africa As an alternative to a traditional concentrate offtake arrangement, the Company has conducted internal research and formal studies to evaluate the economic feasibility of establishing a smelter and BMR business in South Africa, jointly with third-party investors or partners, for the processing of Waterberg concentrate. Conceptually, a Waterberg matte furnace and BMR would be operated as a separate business from the Waterberg Project. Such a facility could provide fair market offtake terms to Waterberg JV Co., and possibly to other PGE miners, allowing for the production of an upgraded product for sale in the market without the need for offtake by a third-party smelter operator. Construction of a Smelter outside South Africa The Company is also assessing the economic feasibility of constructing a smelter and BMR to process Waterberg Project concentrate outside of South Africa. An initial trade-off study was completed to determine the viability of exporting PGE concentrate from South Africa to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (" Saudi Arabia "). Shipping costs are expected to be generally offset by lower energy costs. The proposed smelter facility would also benefit from existing infrastructure. On December 20, 2023, the Company announced a cooperation agreement (" Cooperation Agreement ") with Ajlan & Bros Mining and Metals Co. (" Ajlan ") to study the establishment of a stand-alone platinum group metals smelter and BMR in Saudi Arabia. The establishment of a PGE smelter and BMR in Saudi Arabia would align with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 initiative to develop the Saudi mining and minerals industry to become the third pillar of Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product. The Cooperation Agreement encompasses three phases; a global PGE concentrate market study (the " Market Study ") to identify potential sources of additional PGE concentrate that could augment the processing of Waterberg Project concentrate in Saudi Arabia, thereby mitigating the risk of sourcing concentrate from only one project, a definitive feasibility study for the construction and operation of a PGE smelter and BMR in Saudi Arabia (" Smelter DFS "), and an option to form an incorporated 50:50 joint venture following the completion of the Smelter DFS. The Smelter DFS would assume the export of PGE concentrate from the Waterberg Project in South Africa to a port facility in Saudi Arabia. The Company believes that Saudi Arabia offers an attractive investment climate that includes highly competitive energy costs, a lower taxation rate, and significant government financing incentives. On November 26 th , 2024, the Ministry of Investment for Saudi Arabia entered a memorandum of understanding with Ajlan and the Company to study and consider potential financial support for the proposed PGE smelter and BMR. The Market Study was commissioned in April 2024 and was completed in September 2024 by a globally recognized independent consulting group specializing in PGEs and associated base metal by-products. The Market Study considered several PGE and base metal projects globally that are seeking offtake and beneficiation solutions. The Market Study determined that potential concentrate sources beyond Southern Africa are too early stage, too low in PGE content and too far away to be transported economically. The analysis indicates that the combination of concentrate from the Waterberg Project and end of life auto catalysts and petrochemical catalysts, sourced from the Gulf Region, could justify the scale required to construct a long term PGE smelting and refining complex in Saudi Arabia. The estimated cost for the Smelter DFS is approximately $4.0 million. The scope for the Smelter DFS was planned to encompass options related to infrastructure, location, technical specifications, capital, and operating costs. All expenses related to the study are to be split on a 50:50 basis between Platinum Group and Ajlan, including certain costs already incurred by Platinum Group in previous beneficiation studies as described above. Upon completion of the Smelter DFS, the Cooperation Agreement gives Platinum Group and Ajlan the option to form an incorporated joint venture on a 50:50 basis, on terms to be mutually agreed, for the purpose of financing, constructing, and operating smelting and refining facilities as contemplated in the Smelter DFS. Saudi Arabia offers significant investment incentives, subject to certain criteria and an approval process, and the incorporated joint venture would apply for such incentives. Upon formation, the incorporated joint venture would then be in a position to offer concentrate offtake terms to Waterberg JV Co., the owner and, through the Company, the operator of the Waterberg Project. Construction of a Matte Furnace in South Africa and a BMR in Saudi Arabia Before Waterberg Project concentrate could be exported to Saudi Arabia for processing, a key requirement would be to secure government approval for the long-term export of unrefined precious metals in concentrate from South Africa. Platinum Group has been working with the Government of South Africa to identify local beneficiation opportunities and to analyze the possible impact of exporting concentrate on the value chain. Through these discussions the Government of South Africa has expressed their preference and support for beneficiation in South Africa. As a result, Ajlan and PTM are also studying the possibility of establishing a matte furnace in South Africa capable of smelting Waterberg concentrate. Such a facility would ideally be located at a site near the project with existing power, water and environmental authorizations. Converter matte produced from the facility could be exported to Saudi Arabia for conversion and further treatment in a BMR. End of life auto catalysts and petrochemical catalysts, sourced from the Gulf Region, could be co-processed in Saudi Arabia along with the Waterberg matte. The possibility of establishing a precious metal refinery in Saudi Arabia is also being considered. Shipping converter matte to a second facility for further processing in a BMR is not unconventional. Other integrated producers in South Africa currently operate in this manner. There are also significant logistical efficiencies which can be achieved by shipping matte. For example, shipping Waterberg concentrate to Saudi Arabia would involve the handling and trucking to port of approximately 130,000 tonnes of concentrate a year, representing about 14 truckloads a day. By comparison, transporting converter matte could reduce shipping to approximately 8,000 tonnes annually, or about 1 truckload per day. A matte furnace in South Africa would have higher energy costs than if it were in Saudi Arabia, but this would be offset by lower shipping costs. We believe that a matte furnace in South Africa would likely be able to attract concentrate from mines other than the Waterberg Project, thereby mitigating "single asset risk". Expertise and support for smelting facilities and operations currently exists in South Africa. The Company and Ajlan are in process to explore the above scenario further. Waterberg DFS Update On September 16, 2024, the Company published the results of the Waterberg DFS Update which updated and replaced the previous NI 43-101 technical report entitled "Independent Technical Report, Waterberg Project Definitive Feasibility Study and Mineral Resource Update, Bushveld Complex, South Africa" dated October 4, 2019 (" 2019 DFS "). Highlights of the Waterberg DFS Update include: Mineral reserve estimate: Proven and Probable mineral reserves increased by 20% to 23.41 million 4E oz (246.2 million tonnes at an average grade of 2.96 4E g/t, 0.08% copper (" Cu "), and 0.17% nickel (" Ni Increased Mineral Resources: Measured and Indicated mineral resources increased by 9.5% to 33.76 million 4E oz (345.03 million tonnes at an average grade of 3.04 4E g/t, 0.09% Cu and 0.18% Ni) using 2.5 4E g/t cut-off grade (2.0 4E g/t cut-off grade for F-Central Zone and F-South Zone). Inferred mineral resources increased by 6.6% to 8.52 million 4E oz (89.70 million tonnes at an average grade of 2.96 4E g/t, 0.08% Cu, and 0.15% Ni) using a 2.5 4E g/t cut-off grade (2.0 4E g/t cut-off grade for F-Central Zone and F-South Zone). Life of Mine (" LOM "): LOM increased from 45 to 54 years with annual steady state average production in concentrate of 353,208 4E oz and peak annual production of 432,950 4E oz. After-tax net present value (" NPV ") of $569 million, at an 8% real discount rate and an Internal Rate of Return (" IRR ") of 14.2% using average long term consensus metal prices as of May 2024 (" Consensus Prices " as defined below). On site LOM average cash cost (including base metal by-product credits and smelter discounts as a cost) of $658 per 4E oz, with an all-in sustaining cost (" AISC ") of $761 per 4E oz. Reduced Water Consumption: The Waterberg DFS Update models dry stack tailings technology, including a dewatering plant and dry tailings handling system, reducing estimated steady state make-up water requirements by 36% to approximately 2.85 megalitres per day and reducing the tailings impoundment surface footprint by approximately 46.0% to 155 hectares. LOM free after-tax cashflow of $6.5 billion at Consensus Prices. Estimated total project capital of $946 million, including 8.5% for contingencies, and peak capital estimated at $776 million. Mineral resources at the Waterberg Project are hosted in the T-Zone and F-Zone. The T-Zone is situated approximately 350 meters above the F-Zone with both zones striking northeast and dipping at approximately 38 degrees to the west. An arbitrary cut-off depth of 1,250-meters has been applied in all mineralized zones. Mineral resources for the Waterberg Project as reported in the Waterberg DFS Update have been estimated including the results of recent infill drilling as discussed above. Mineral resources have been estimated based on a total of 374,399 metres of diamond drilling in 474 diamond drill holes and 585 deflections and have been stated at a 2.5 4E g/t cut-off for all T-Zones, F-North and F-Boundary Zones, and a 2.0 4E g/t cut-off for the F-Central and F-South Zones (the " Cut-Off Base Case "). In the Waterberg DFS Update, the Cut-Off Base Case was applied to the mineral resource model as an input to the mine design. At the Cut-Off Base Case, total Measured and Indicated mineral resources (which includes mineral reserves) are estimated at 345.03 million tonnes grading 3.04 4E g/t for 33.76 million 4E oz (versus 305.54 million tonnes grading 3.14 4E g/t for an estimated 30.84 million 4E oz in the 2019 DFS). Total Proven and Probable mineral reserves are estimated at 246.2 million tonnes grading 2.96 4E g/t for 23.41 million 4E oz (versus 187.51 million tonnes grading 3.24 4E g/t for 19.48 million 4E oz in the 2019 DFS). The mineral resources and reserves for the Waterberg Project are categorized and reported in terms of NI 43-101 and are tabulated below. Mineral Resource Estimate 4E cut-off, effective August 31, 2024, on 100% Project basis Prill Split Waterberg Project Aggregate Notes All mineral resources in situ. Mineral resources are reported inclusive of mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. 4E = PGE (Pt + Pd + Rh) and Au. The mineral resources stated above are shown on a 100% project basis, that is, for the Waterberg Project. Mineral resource cut-off 2.5 g/t (4E) grade except for FZ-Central and FZ-South are at 2.0 g/t cut-off grade (4E). Cut-off grade calculations performed in March 2023 and were based on the following assumptions: Metal prices: Pt at US$1,050/oz, Pd at US$1,300 /oz, Au at US$1,650/oz, Rh at US$5,000/oz, Cu at US$3.50/lb and Ni at US$8.50/lb. Unit costs: US$63.99 / t milled for F-Zones and US$76 / t milled for T-Zone (based on the 2019 DFS and escalated for inflation). Metal recoveries: 4E concentrator recoveries at 82% for F-Zones and 81% for T-Zone. Base metal recoveries for the F-Zones at 50.0% for Ni and 88.6% for Cu, T-Zone at 46.0% for Ni and 86.6% for Cu. Smelter recovery/payabilities: 83.5% for 4E and 72.0% for Cu and Ni. Conversion factor used - kg to oz = 32.15076. Numbers may not add due to rounding. A 5% and 7% geological loss were applied to the Measured / Indicated and Inferred mineral resource categories, respectively. Mineral reserves are a subset of the mineral resource envelope at the Cut-Off Base Case, and they include only Measured and Indicated mineral resources, with dilution and stope shapes considered. Mining thickness was set at 2.4 meters to 20 meters in the T-Zone and 2.4 meters to 118 meters in the F-Zone. Sublevel planning of 20 meters to 40 meters was considered in the mine plan for mineral reserves. Proven Mineral Reserve Estimate 4E g/t - Effective August 31, 2024 Probable Mineral Reserve Estimate 4E g/t - Effective August 31, 2024 Proven & Probable Mineral Reserve Estimate 4E g/t Effective August 31, 2024 Notes The mineral reserves are based on using the long hole mining method with paste backfill. A minimum stope width of 2.4 m (true width) was used. The point of reference for the mineral reserves is defined as the point where the mined ore is delivered to the processing plant. 4E = PGE (Pd + Pt + Rh) and Au. A stope cut-off grade of 2.0 g/t 4E was used for mine planning for F-Central and F-South while a 2.5 g/t 4E was used for mine planning for the T-Zone and other F-Zones in the mineral reserves estimate. Long-term metal prices assumed for cut-off grade estimates were Pt = US$1,050.00/oz, Pd = US$1,300.00/oz, Rh = US$5,000.00/oz, Au = US$1,650.00/oz, Cu = US$3.50/lb, Ni = US$8.50/lb and exchange rate 17.22 ZAR = 1 US$. Long-term metal recoveries assumed for cut-off grade estimates were 4E 82% for the F-Zones and 4E 81% for the T-Zone. A smelter recovery of 4E 83.5% was assumed for all zones. Long-term operating costs assumed for the cut-off grade estimates were US$63.99 per tonne mined for the F-Zone and US$76.09 per tonne mined for the T-Zone and include mining, processing, infrastructure, general and administration, transport, royalties, and sustaining capital. Tonnage and grade estimates include planned dilution, geological losses, external overbreak dilution, and mining losses. Numbers may not add due to rounding. Metals Markets and Price Deck Assumptions The Waterberg Project has a considerable ramp up period and a long LOM. Metals markets and foreign exchange rates are difficult to predict for 10 to 20 years in the future. The Waterberg Project financial performance has been estimated in the Waterberg DFS Update at Consensus Prices as set out in the table below. These prices were based on a review of long term (2028) consensus price forecasts assembled by Bloomberg and Select Cap IQ as of May 31, 2024. At Consensus Prices, the basket price per LOM average 4E oz is estimated at US$1,325. Rand based costs in the Waterberg DFS Update are converted to US$ at forecast real exchange rates from 2025 to 2027 and then long term for 2028 and later at 20.07 (US$/ZAR). The exchange rate assumptions within Consensus Prices are based on Oxford Economics forward projection as of May 15, 2024. Price Deck Assumptions Readers are directed to review the full text of the Waterberg DFS Update, available for review under the Company's profile on SEDAR+ at https://www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at https://www.sec.gov for additional information. The Waterberg DFS Update indicates that as a result of its shallow depth, good grade and fully mechanized mining approach, the Waterberg Project can be a safe mine within the lowest quartile of the Southern Africa platinum group element industry cost curve. The Waterberg DFS Update mine plan models production at 4.8 million tonnes of ore per annum and a LOM average of 353,208 4E oz per year in concentrate. Maximum annual production is estimated in the Waterberg DFS Update at 432,950 4E oz in concentrate. The mine initially accesses the F-Central Zone orebody using a single set of twin decline tunnels (service decline and conveyor decline) with mining of 400,000 tonnes per month by fully mechanised long hole stoping methods. The Central-F steady state ore to waste ratio in the Waterberg DFS Update is a favourable 14.8 and approximately 47% of waste rock will be placed underground as backfill, with the balance to be trucked or conveyed to surface. Ore will be mucked to one of numerous underground rock breakers, from where it will be sized and then transported to surface by conveyors. Paste backfill will be utilized, allowing for a high mining extraction ratio as mining can be completed next to backfilled stopes with few internal pillars. Mining Right Grant A formal mining right application (" MRA ") for the Waterberg Project, including the Waterberg SLP, was accepted for filing by the DMR on September 14, 2018. An Environmental Impact Assessment (" EIA ") and Environmental Management Program (" EMP ") were filed with the DMR on August 15, 2019. An initial environmental authorization was granted for the Waterberg Project on August 12, 2020, with the final environmental authorization issued on November 10, 2020. The mining right for the Waterberg Project (the " Waterberg Mining Right ") was granted on January 28, 2021, notarially executed on April 13, 2021, was registered at the Mineral and Petroleum Titles Registration Office on July 6, 2021, and remains active. On March 7, 2024, a group claiming to be the rightful leadership of two host communities filed an application in the High Court seeking to set aside the January 28, 2021, grant of the Waterberg Mining Right by the DMR. Many of the applicants participated in the earlier and unsuccessful appeals against Waterberg JV Co. The applicants requested condonation for the late filing of this appeal, claim informal rights to two farms overlaying a portion of the Waterberg Mining Right area, object to the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right, and object to the DMR dismissing their previous appeals. The two farms in question are not expected to host any significant mine infrastructure. Attorneys acting on behalf of Waterberg JV Co. have filed a notice of opposition and have filed an answering affidavit seeking dismissal of the application. The DMR has also filed a notice of opposition. The Company believes that all requirements specified under the National Environmental Management Act of 1998, the MPRDA and other applicable legislation have been complied with and that the DFFE correctly approved and the DMR correctly issued the EA and the Waterberg Mining Right. Based on long term consultation and dialogue with local communities, the Company also believes that the leadership and the majority of residents in the host communities support the Waterberg Project. Since late 2021, the Member of the Executive Committee (" MEC ") for the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism, hosted several meetings and engagements and facilitated mediation sessions with representatives of Waterberg JV Co. and leaders from communities where mine infrastructure is planned to be located, to assist with the reconciliation of concerns. The MEC stated an intention to assist all stakeholders so that further investment by Waterberg JV Co. may occur. Many community concerns have been addressed. A final settlement agreement with the principal host community determining infrastructure locations was agreed and executed in April 2024. Work and negotiations on long term surface lease agreements are underway. Waterberg JV Co. remains committed to engaging and working with all host communities to ensure that all legitimate concerns are addressed, and mining operations are conducted in a harmonious and respectful manner. Waterberg JV Co. aims to optimize the Waterberg Project for the benefit of all stakeholders. Community Considerations Training for a new mechanised mining workforce is an important component of the Waterberg Project life of mine plan and the Waterberg SLP. Planning for training programs has been undertaken with the assistance of global mine training leader, NORCAT, of Sudbury, Ontario. The Waterberg DFS Update modelled a significant investment in training, focussed on the immediate area of the Waterberg Project, working in cooperation with local communities, colleges and facilities. Water supply and delivery are important issues affecting local communities near the Waterberg Project. Waterberg JV Co. and the Capricorn District Municipality continue to work cooperatively for the development of water resources to the benefit of local communities and the Waterberg Mine. Detailed hydrological work studying the utilization of known sources for significant volumes of groundwater has been conducted and has identified several large-scale water basins that are likely able to provide mine process and potable water for the Waterberg Project and local communities. Test drilling of these water basins has been completed resulting in the identification of sufficient water supplies. Earlier drilling programs conducted by the Capricorn District Municipality identified both potable and high mineral unpotable water resources in the district. Drilling by Waterberg JV Co. has identified some potable water resources. Several boreholes proximal to the Waterberg Project identified large volumes of high mineral, unpotable water not suitable for agriculture. Hydrological and mill process specialists have tested the use of this water as mine process water. In general, ground water resources identified proximal to the Waterberg Project have the potential for usage by both the Waterberg Mine and local communities. The establishment of servitudes for power line routes and detailed planning and permitting with ESKOM are also advancing. Power line environmental and servitude work is being completed by a high voltage engineering company called Private National Grid (previously TDx Power assisted Waterberg JV Co.) in coordination with ESKOM. Private National Grid has progressed electrical power connection planning for approximately a 70 km, 132MvA line to the Waterberg Project. Engineering refinement of steady state power requirements has resulted in a reduced demand of approximately 90MvA at steady state. Bulk power design and costing work for steady state requirements has commenced. ESKOM is engaged with project engineers to determine electrical power sources and availability. A temporary power line for the construction period from the nearby grid at Bochum is being designed and costed. Community engagement regarding power line routes and completion of an EIA for the power line routes is in process. ESKOM is experiencing power generation constraints leading to load-shedding, being the deliberate and scheduled shutdown of electric power in parts of its power-distribution network, when the demand strains the capacity of the system. Alternative renewable energy sources are also being considered for the Waterberg Project. One such option envisages a solar panel farm, including battery storage, to be built by a third-party operator at a suitable location near the Waterberg Project. The cost of construction would be carried by the third-party operator and the power provided would be charged to Waterberg JV Co. at rates that would include a return of capital to the third-party operator. Social and Labour Plan The Waterberg SLP was developed pursuant to DMR guidelines for social and labour plans and has been submitted in accordance with section 46 of the MPRDA together with the Waterberg MRA, which right was granted on January 28, 2021, and registered on July 6, 2021. The objective of the Waterberg SLP is to align the Company's social and labour principles with the related requirements established under the Mining Charter, as applicable from time to time. These requirements include promoting employment and avoiding retrenchments, advancement of the social and economic welfare of all South Africans, contributing toward the transformation of the mining industry and contributing towards the socio-economic development of the communities proximal to the Waterberg Project. Contractors will be required to comply with the Waterberg SLP and policies, including commitment to employment equity and BEE, proof of competence in terms of regulations, commitment to undertake training programs, compliance with all policies relating to recruitment, training, health and safety, etc. In terms of human resources training, the Waterberg SLP will establish objectives for adult-based education training, learnerships and development of the skills required by the mining industry, portable skills training for transition into industries other than mining, education bursaries and internships. The Waterberg SLP also envisages a plan to establish local economic development objectives for projects such as infrastructure and educational support to local schools, the equipping and extension of a clinic/health facility, water and reticulation projects, housing development, and various other localized programs for small scale industry, agriculture, entrepreneurship and health and education. To support the Waterberg SLP for affected communities near the Waterberg Project, expenditures amounting to an aggregate R428.9 million (approx. $23.85 million at May 31, 2025) were budgeted over a five-year period. The Waterberg SLP includes provisions for human resource development, local economic development, and transferrable skills management. Expenditures are subject to the grant of all required regulatory approvals, licenses and permits and the commencement of development activities on site. At the end of each five-year period a new social and labour plan will be established, considering actual expenditures to date and changes to adjust for community feedback, needs and preferences. Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Being a responsible corporate citizen means protecting the natural environment associated with its business activities, providing a safe workplace for its employees and contractors, and investing in infrastructure, economic development, and health and education in the communities where the Company operates so that it can enhance the lives of those who work and live there beyond the life of such operations. The Company takes a long-term view of its corporate responsibility, which is reflected in the policies that guide its business decisions, and in its corporate culture that fosters safe and ethical behaviour across all levels of Platinum Group. The Company's goal is to ensure that its engagement with its stakeholders, including its workforce, industry partners, and the communities where it operates, is continued, mutually beneficial and transparent. By building such relationships and conducting ourselves in this manner, the Company can address specific concerns of its stakeholders and work cooperatively and effectively towards achieving this goal. ESG Approach and Objectives The Company and Waterberg JV Co. are committed to conducting business in a responsible and sustainable manner. Our core ESG values are: maximizing the positive effect of our projects and operations for all stakeholders; caring for the environment in which we operate; contributing to both the short-term and long-term development of our host communities; ensuring safe and secure workplaces for our employees; contributing to the welfare of our employees and local communities; and promoting good corporate governance, through openness, transparency, and accountability. We continue to work on enhancements to our community engagement processes for all our mining and environmental matters. We consider all stakeholders and confirm our commitment to the health and safety of our employees and surrounding communities. Health and safety also remain a top priority. Our ESG objectives include: reducing planned water consumption; attaining full compliance with regulations and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions; achieving minimum impact on vegetation and supporting and enabling local biodiversity; reducing planned industrial waste; resolving individual community member grievances; continuing and improving stakeholder communication and engagement programmes; and achieving zero significant environmental incidents. ESG Reporting and Assessment The Company's ongoing ESG analysis continues to refine the set of performance indicators to measure and monitor key environmental, social sustainability and governance activities at the Waterberg Project. We wish to achieve a high level of understanding and commitment from those who carry out our day-to-day activities. Our social performance indicators aim to cover social risk management, grievance management, community investment and human rights. Our environmental performance indicators aim to cover environmental impact mitigation, audits, water, energy, greenhouse gas emissions and environmental remediation and rehabilitation. Health and safety performance indicators are also to be recorded and monitored. The Company has worked with Digbee Ltd. (" Digbee ") since 2021 to independently assess its ESG development and disclosure at both the corporate and project level as it moves toward the construction phase of the Waterberg Project. The Digbee ESG platform is aligned with over 25 global reporting standards to generate an appropriate ESG score for development stage mining companies and address real risk. As part of the Waterberg MRA process the Company developed a wide ranging set of studies and plans in relation to potential ESG impacts. These studies and plans were leveraged to form the basis of the Digbee ESG assessment and subsequent outcomes. For 2024, an independent team of Digbee ESG experts evaluated the Company's ESG submission against a set of rigorous and standardized scoring criteria. To ensure accuracy and credibility, these scores were finalized after being peer reviewed. Platinum Group achieved an overall score of BBB with a range of CC to AAA based on the information provided. The total score shown below reflects the calculated average of the average corporate and project scores awarded. Awarded ESG Ratings (September 2024) High Level Positive Outcomes The Company's strategy has been updated and is in line with the Definitive Feasibility Study for the Waterberg Project. It now features items such as enhanced water resource management activities through the integration of dry stack tailings, and the initiation of a portable skills development and training programme for the community. As part of their commitment to ESG goals, PTM have supported social development initiatives in South Africa. Their contributions have included offering portable skills training and making financial donations to the "Access to Clean Water" program. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) linked to ESG criteria have been integrated as performance measures and aligned with organisational milestones. Potential Risks and Opportunities (per Digbee Report) The workforce diversity reporting and focus within the submission remains predominantly focused on gender and could be expanded to include other aspects such as ethnicity. There is currently no formal risk management framework in place to identify and manage risks and opportunities. ESG continues to be a key area of interest for stakeholders and investors, however PTM has yet to commit to any industry standards. ESG - Environmental We have commissioned independent environmental site inspections and environmental management program compliance assessments at the Waterberg Project for all our mining and prospecting right areas. Baseline environmental studies for air quality and water quality are currently underway over the Waterberg Project area. Annual environmental reports are filed with regulators. To date, there have been no significant environmental incidents at our Waterberg Project operation since exploration began on the property in 2011. As a requirement to the grant of the Waterberg Mining Right an EIA and EMP were filed with governmental regulators after a comprehensive consultation process with communities, regulators, environmental institutions, and other stakeholders over the last ten years. Several independent, third-party specialist consultants completed component studies as a part of the application process. The EIA and EMP were subsequently approved by the relevant regulators. The Company carried on advancing the Waterberg DFS Update in 2023 and 2024 and published the results of the study on September 16, 2024. The Waterberg DFS Update takes into consideration the use of dry stacking solutions for tailings to reduce water use. With the inclusion of dry stack tailings, the steady state make up water requirement has been reduced by approximately 36% and is well below the net make up water requirements reported by other PGE and diamond mines located in the Limpopo Province. This will reduce the overall long-term demand on ground water resources. Since its initiation in 2023, environmental monitoring has advanced in the areas of climatic data, surface water chemistry, groundwater and air quality. As the Waterberg Project develops, environmental monitoring will be expanded to include monitoring of noise and biodiversity. In line with this, environmental management and mitigation measures will be implemented accordingly. Furthermore, the mineral resources targeted at the Waterberg Project are mineable platinum group metals, being mainly palladium, platinum, and rhodium. These metals are important elements in terms of reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines. Platinum is a critical element in fuel cells and the "hydrogen economy" in general, highlighting the Waterberg Mine's potential to contribute to a cleaner future. ESG - Social To date, work at the Waterberg Project has been related to exploration, early development and engineering activities. Overall safety performance has been very good and strict safety protocols are followed. We maintain an open communication policy with communities near the Waterberg Project. We responded to concerns raised by individuals regarding water resources, roadways, heritage sites and planned infrastructure locations by thoroughly investigating each reported concern or claim. Meetings were held with community leaders and site inspections occurred with local community members accompanied by independent consultants, NGOs, government agencies and regulators. Although no material issues or events of regulatory non-compliance by the Company have been identified after these investigations, the Company remains committed to operating in a responsible manner and continues to work with local community leadership to ensure any identified issues are resolved in an appropriate and professional manner and in compliance with governing regulations. The Company has developed a more formalized grievance mechanism, which has now been translated into the local language (Sepedi) and will be made accessible to all community members in the near future. In 2024 the Company has continued working with local communities to create community trusts. To ensure communities are well represented, the Company is covering the costs of legal representation for the communities. The Limpopo Provincial Government and the Regional DMR Office in Limpopo are preparing to facilitate workshops with community leadership and other stakeholders to support and build their understanding of the mining legal framework and their rights and obligations in respect thereto. The Company intends to benefit from these efforts. The Company has further supported a local skills audit and the development of profiles of our local host communities. These reports will help the Company better understand and respond to the needs of our local host community members. The Company has also appointed an additional consultant to work with our local communities at the Waterberg Project. This consultant is assisting with stakeholder and community engagement in relation to, and with the implementation of, the Waterberg SLP. In fiscal 2024 the Company granted tertiary bursaries to local youth. Planning for local school and clinic upgrades is underway. The phased upgrading of water infrastructure for one community was planned during the period and physical work commenced in April 2025. Based on community meetings and direct feedback, and in part due to the Company's efforts to engage and support local communities, we believe local community residents support the development of the Waterberg Project and understand the expected economic benefits. ESG - Governance In keeping with its dedication to maintaining the highest standards of governance, the Company has implemented an Environmental, Health, Safety and Technical Advisory Committee, a Governance and Nomination Committee and a number of policies to help create secure work environments that prioritize equality, integrity and respect for all. Environmental, Health, Safety and Technical Advisory Committee As part of its mandate to assist the board of directors of the Company (the " Board ") in its oversight of capital projects and material transactions undertaken by the Company, its subsidiaries or its affiliates from an environmental, technical, financial and scheduling perspective, the Environmental, Health, Safety and Technical Advisory Committee (the " EHST Committee ") is responsible for developing and monitoring standards for ensuring a safe and healthy work environment and to promote sustainable development. The EHST Committee is also responsible for providing oversight of the Environmental, Health, Safety, and Social Responsibility Policies (the " EHSSR Policies "), the Human Rights Policy, and for monitoring the Company's practices in these areas, including the monitoring of (a) risks, challenges and opportunities to the Company's business associated with environmental, health, safety and social responsibility matters; (b) the Company's sustainability conduct, including environmental, health, safety and social policies and programs and overseeing performance in such areas; (c) the Company's compliance and applicable legal and regulatory requirements associated with environmental, health, safety, and community conduct; and (d) the Company's external reporting in relation to health, safety, environmental and community conduct. Governance and Nomination Committee The Governance and Nomination Committee of the Board also plays an important role in assisting the Board with its oversight of ESG matters. The Governance and Nomination Committee is responsible for developing and implementing governance guidelines and principles, providing governance leadership to the Company and monitoring governance programs and policies, including without limitation, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Commitment to Anti-Bribery Conduct. The Governance and Nomination Committee reviews the Company's policies to ensure compliance with the applicable rules and regulations, and where necessary or desirable on account of governance trends that are appropriate for the Company, recommends changes, or the adoption of further policies, to the Board for approval. Environmental, Health, Safety, and Social Responsibility Policies The EHSSR Policies supplement the requirements, guidelines, and standards of conduct specified in Platinum Group's other policies and affirm the Company's commitment to health and safety, social license and sustainable development, environmental stewardship, and human rights. The EHSSR Policies are intended to be a component of the flexible governance framework within which the Board, assisted by its committees, directs the affairs of Platinum Group. The EHSSR Policies outline the Company's ESG expectations for all employees, directors, contractors, and consultants performing services for or on behalf of the Company. Human Rights Policy Along with integrating human rights into its risk assessment and due diligence processes, the Company is dedicated to fostering a culture of respect for human rights in the workplace. It also actively seeks positive interactions and collaborations with stakeholders who are impacted by its operations. The EHST Committee assists the Board in the oversight of the Human Rights Policy including, reviewing the effectiveness and compliance of this policy on a regular basis, monitoring the Company's performance, challenges and commitments in the prevention or mitigation of any human rights issues, and reviewing the proposed public disclosure of any Company human rights matters. The Company has also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, a Commitment to Anti-Bribery Conduct, a Clawback Policy, and a Whistleblower Policy, amongst other customary policies. Copies of the policies and committee charters may be found on the Company's website at https://www.platinumgroupmetals.net/corporate/governance/default.aspx (which are not incorporated by reference). We also adhere to the corporate governance policies of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the " TSX ") and the NYSE American, LLC. On February 28, 2025, the Company held its Annual General Meeting. All resolutions were passed in the form proposed by an affirmative vote of the shareholders. DISCUSSION OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION Liquidity and Capital Resources Recent Equity Financings On November 13, 2024, the Company filed a final short form base shelf prospectus (the " 2024 Shelf Prospectus ") with the securities regulatory authorities in each of the provinces and territories of Canada and a corresponding registration statement on Form F-10 (the " 2024 Registration Statement ") with the SEC under the Multijurisdictional Disclosure System established between Canada and the United States. On December 5, 2024, the Company filed a supplement to the 2024 Shelf Prospectus (the " Prospectus Supplement ") and announced an Equity Distribution Agreement with BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., and Beacon Securities Limited (together the " Canadian Agents ") and BMO Capital Markets Corp. (the " US Agent ") whereby the Company can sell its Common Shares from time to time until December 13, 2026, for up to $50 million in aggregate sales proceeds in "at the market" transactions (the " 2025 ATM Pursuant to the 2024 Shelf Prospectus and the 2024 Registration Statement, the Company may offer and sell in Canada or the United States, Common Shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription receipts, or a combination thereof up to an aggregate initial offering price of $250 million from time to time, separately or together, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of the offering and as set out in an accompanying prospectus supplement, during the 25-month period that the 2024 Shelf Prospectus and the 2024 Registration Statement remain effective. During the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, pursuant to the 2025 ATM the Company sold 4,350,928 Common Shares at an average price of US$1.32 for gross proceeds of $5.75 million and net proceeds of $5.61 million after deducting fees and expenses paid to the US Agent. During the three-month period ended May 31, 2025, 3,508,367 shares were sold at an average price of US$1.31 for gross proceeds of $4.61 million before directly attributable costs of $0.11 million were paid to the US Agent. Subsequent to May 31, 2025 until the date of this MD&A, pursuant to the 2025 ATM the Company has sold and issued a further 4,172,397 Common Shares at an average price of US$1.60 for gross proceeds of $6.68 million and net proceeds of $6.51 million after deducting fees and expenses paid to the US Agent. As of the date of the MD&A, no Common Shares have been sold by the Canadian Agents through the TSX in connection with the 2025 ATM. Pursuant to an at the market offering under a base shelf prospectus and registration statement filed with regulators in Canada and the United States in June and July 2022 (the " 2022 ATM "), for the year ended August 31, 2023, the Company sold 1,089,503 Common Shares at an average price of US$1.81 for gross proceeds of $1.97 million and net proceeds of $1.6 million after deducting fees and expenses including $0.05 paid to the US Agent. No Common Shares were sold pursuant to the 2022 ATM during the year ended August 31, 2024. On September 18, 2023, the Company completed a non-brokered private placement with Deepkloof Limited (" Deepkloof "), a subsidiary of Hosken Consolidated Investments Limited (" HCI "), where the Company issued 2,118,645 Common Shares at US$1.18 per share for gross proceeds to the Company of US$2.5 million. On May 29, 2025, the Company completed a further non-brokered private placement with Deepkloof, where the Company issued 800,000 Common Shares at US$1.26 per share for gross proceeds of $1.0 million. Proceeds from offerings above have been and will be used for the advancement of the Waterberg Project and general corporate purposes. Liquidity The Company's Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for at least the next twelve months. At May 31, 2025, the Company had working capital of $5.0 million and a cash balance of $5.7 million. During the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, the Company incurred a total comprehensive loss of $4.0 million and cash outflows from operating activities of $2.3 million. As indicated above, on November 13, 2024, the Company filed the 2024 Shelf Prospectus and the corresponding 2024 Registration Statement. To date the Company has received net proceeds of $12.1 million using the 2025 ATM including $6.5 million after May 31, 2025. A further $1.0 million was received from a private placement with the Company's largest shareholder with HCI continuing to hold the right to maintain ownership of the Company at 26%. The continued operations of the Company and the recoverability of the amounts shown for mineral properties is dependent upon the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing to complete the development of the Waterberg Project and bring it to future profitable production. The Company does not generate cash flows from operations to fund its activities and therefore relies principally on the issuance of securities for financing. Although the Company has been successful in the past in obtaining financing, there is no assurance that it will be able to obtain adequate financing in the future or that such financing will be on terms advantageous to the Company. Should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern, the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows reported in the Financial Statements may be subject to material adjustments. The Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Contractual Obligations The following table discloses the Company's contractual obligations as at May 31, 2025 ( in thousands of dollars): Totals $ 140 $ 398 $ 93 $ - $ 631 Other contingencies: Refer to section 8 below - Risk Factors. Amounts Receivable and Payable Amounts receivable at May 31, 2025, totaled $0.2 million (August 31, 2024 - $0.2 million) being comprised mainly of South African value added taxes. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at May 31, 2025, totaled $0.7 million (August 31, 2024 - $0.9 million) being comprised mainly of legal fees, accounting and audit fees and overhead costs. Results of Operations Nine-Month Period Ended May 31, 2025 For the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $3.4 million (May 31, 2024 - $4.0 million). General and administrative expenses totaled $2.8 million (May 31, 2024 - $2.6 million) with the lower expense in the previous comparable period being due to the Africa Wide litigation cost refund ($0.2 million) received in the comparable nine-month period. Share based compensation totalled $0.8 million (May 31, 2024 - $1.6 million) with the difference due to revaluation of deferred share units in the previous comparable period. During the nine-month period, $1.6 million was spent at the Waterberg Project (May 31, 2024 - $2.3 million). For the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, an expense of $0.6 million was recognized in the currency translation adjustment (May 31, 2024 - $0.2 million recovery). Three-Month Period Ended May 31, 2025 For the three-month period ended May 31, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $1.2 million (May 31, 2024 - $1.6 million). General and administrative expenses totaled $0.8 million (May 31, 2024 - $0.8 million). Share based compensation was $0.3 million (May 31, 2024 - $1.0 million) with an expense of $0.7 million being recorded in relation to the revaluation of deferred share units in the previous comparable period. For the three-month period ended May 31, 2025, a recovery of $1.6 million was recognized in the currency translation adjustment (May 31, 2024 - $1.0 million recovery) due to the increase in the value of the South African Rand relative to the US Dollar. Quarterly Financial Information The following tables set forth selected quarterly financial data for each of the last eight quarters (in thousands of dollars, except for share data): Notes The Company earns income from interest bearing accounts and deposits. Rand balances earn higher rates of interest than can be earned at present in Canadian or U.S. Dollars. Interest income varies relative to cash on hand. Basic loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share. Diluted per share amounts reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Shares were exercised or converted to Common Shares. In periods when a loss is incurred, the effect of share issuances under options would be anti-dilutive, resulting in basic and diluted loss per share being the same. DIVIDENDS The Company has never declared nor paid dividends on its Common Shares. The Company has no present intention of paying dividends on its Common Shares, as it anticipates that in the foreseeable future all available funds will be invested to finance its business. The Company plans to consider a dividend policy upon the establishment of positive cash flow. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS All amounts receivable and accounts payable owing to or from related parties are non-interest bearing with no specific terms of repayment. Transactions with related parties are as follows (in thousands of dollars) During the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, an amount of $254 (May 31, 2024 - $245) was paid or accrued to independent directors for directors' fees and services. During the nine-month period ended May 31, 2025, the Company paid or accrued payments of $38 (May 31, 2024 - $40) from West Vault Mining Inc., a company with one officer in common (Frank Hallam), for accounting and administrative services. In fiscal 2018, Deepkloof made a strategic investment in the Company by way of a private placement. Through the terms of the May 2018 private placement, HCI acquired a right to nominate one person to the Board and a right to participate in future equity financings of the Company to maintain its pro-rata interest. HCI has exercised its right to nominate one person to the Board. As of May 31, 2025, HCI's ownership of the Company was reported at 27,767,994 Common Shares, representing a 26% interest in the Company. In September 2023, Deepkloof subscribed to a private placement of 2,118,645 Common Shares at US$1.18 per share for gross proceeds to the Company of $2.5 million. In May 2025, Deepkloof subscribed to a private placement of 800,000 Common Shares at US$1.26 per share for gross proceeds to the Company of $1.0 million. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS The Company does not have any special purpose entities nor is it party to any off-balance sheet arrangements. OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA The Company has an unlimited number of Common Shares authorized for issuance without par value. At May 31, 2025 the Company had 107,980,547 common shares issued and outstanding including 53,913 shares sold for net proceeds of $72 on May 30, 2025 and issued June 2, 2025 pursuant to the 2025 ATM. At May 31, 2025, there were 3,644,520 incentive stock options and 541,815 restricted share units outstanding. At the date of this MD&A there were 112,152,944 Common Shares, 3,644,520 incentive stock options and 541,815 restricted share units outstanding. RISK FACTORS The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, each of which could have an adverse effect on results, business prospects or financial position. For a comprehensive list of the risks and uncertainties affecting our business, please refer to the section titled "Risk Factors" in the 2024 AIF and 2024 40-F, and the documents incorporated by reference therein. The Company's 2024 AIF and 2024 40-F may be found on SEDAR+ at https://www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at https://www.sec.gov . Certain risk factors are discussed below in more detail. International Conflicts International conflict and other geopolitical tensions and events, including war, military action, terrorism, trade disputes, and international responses thereto have historically led to, and may in the future lead to, uncertainty or volatility in global energy, supply chain and financial markets. Russia's invasion of Ukraine, ongoing since 2022, has led to sanctions being levied against Russia by the international community and may result in additional sanctions or other international action, any of which may have a destabilizing effect on commodity prices, supply chains and global economies more broadly. Current hostilities involving Israel, Iran, the United States, the military wing of Palestinian Islamist organisation Hamas, Lebanese Islamist paramilitary group Hezbollah, and the Houthi movement in Yemen, may also have a destabilizing effect on commodity prices, supply chains and global economies. Volatility in commodity prices and supply chain disruptions may adversely affect the Company's business and financial condition. The extent and duration of the current conflicts and related international actions cannot be accurately predicted at this time and the effects of such conflicts may magnify the impact of the other risks identified in this MD&A, including those relating to commodity price volatility and global financial conditions. The situation is rapidly changing, and unforeseeable impacts may materialize, and may have an adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition. Tariffs During the recent months various countries have implemented automobile-specific and broad-based national tariffs on goods imported into various countries. Some tariffs have been implemented then cancelled immediately, while others have remained in place as of the date of this MD&A. No tariffs have been implemented specifically against platinum and palladium but as tariffs will increase the cost of most items (including automobiles) the demand for such products will likely drop, thus decreasing the demand for platinum and palladium. Further, the effects of a potential global trade war resulting from new tariffs would negatively effect demand and consumption of all goods throughout the world, thus having a negative effect on the Company. At this time the full effect of these tariffs are undetermined. Relations between South Africa and the United States During recent months the political relationship between South Africa and the new administration of the United States has deteriorated. The United States disagrees with South Africa's self-proclaimed position of geopolitical neutrality. The relationship between South Africa and the United States may continue to change over the coming months and these developments could have a negative effect on the Company. OUTLOOK The Company's key business objective is to advance the Waterberg Project to a development and construction decision. Before a construction decision can be undertaken arrangements will be required for project financing and concentrate offtake or processing. The Company and Waterberg JV Co. are assessing commercial alternatives for mine development, concentrate offtake and financing. As discussed above, the Company is conducting research and formal studies to evaluate the economic feasibility of establishing a smelter and BMR business, jointly with third-party investors, capable of processing Waterberg Project concentrate as an alternative to a traditional concentrate offtake arrangement. Recent discussions have also occurred with existing smelter/refinery operators in South Africa regarding possible concentrate offtake arrangements for the Waterberg Project. While this work is underway the Company is considering possible next steps, which could include further preconstruction work under the Work Program (as discussed above), and/or an interim phase one program to install decline access into the Central F-Zone, develop a first sublevel, and to mine and trial process Central F-Zone ore. Capital cost estimates as described above are subject to market conditions, which have been generally inflationary. Project financing to meet peak funding requirements for the Waterberg Project are envisaged to be provided by a combination of equity from Waterberg JV Co. shareholders, proceeds from a secured loan facility, and possibly funding from a metal stream arrangement. Discussions with potential financiers are ongoing. After some weakness during 2020 due to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the markets for PGEs generally improved over the preceding several years until peaking in 2021/22. Since 2022, PGE prices have been volatile, due in part to geopolitical tensions and the threat of Russian PGE exports being cut back or sanctioned, representing a significant supply risk. Notwithstanding this volatility, and in part due to global economic uncertainty, PGE prices generally declined from their peak in 2021/22 until April 2025. Platinum and palladium prices have increased since April 2025 due to a combination of factors, including a surge in Chinese investment and jewelry demand, signs of market tightness, and a rebound in the outlook for global internal combustion vehicle production. In the months and years ahead, a prolonged period of low PGE prices may result in the closure of uneconomic PGE mines, cause the delay of startup of new PGE projects, or reduce the recycling of end of life auto catalysts. In response to lower PGE prices many South African PGE producers reported cost saving measures and the closure of uneconomic operations. Major South African PGE producers are currently operating under recent wage settlement agreements. Supply risk due to union strike action at present appears to be unlikely. Power shortages due to rolling blackouts in 2023 and early 2024 implemented by South African power utility ESKOM negatively impacted some PGE production in South Africa, but more recently the supply of electrical power by ESKOM has been more stable. Although uncertainty now exists regarding the rate of battery electric vehicle adoption by consumers, the projected market penetration of battery electric vehicles in the future could soften the market for palladium in the longer term as demand for internal combustion engines with catalytic converters may potentially be reduced. Other metals to be produced at the Waterberg Mine, being platinum, rhodium, gold, copper and nickel, are projected to see strong future demand and prices in the longer term. Copper and nickel are important metals for battery electric vehicles and other electrical equipment. Platinum is projected to see strong pricing looking forward due to supply constraints and increased demand for utilization in hydrogen fuel cells and the equipment used to produce hydrogen. As the world seeks to decarbonize and look for solutions to climate change, the unique properties of PGEs as powerful catalysts are being applied to various technologies as possible solutions for more efficient energy generation and storage. The Company's battery technology initiative through Lion with Valterra represents a potential opportunity in the high-profile lithium battery research and innovation field. The investment in Lion creates a possible vertical integration with a broader industrial market development strategy to bring new technologies to market which use palladium and platinum. As well as the discussions within this MD&A, the reader is encouraged to also see the Company's disclosure made under the heading "Risk Factors" in the 2024 AIF and separate 2024 40-F. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS Accounting Standards required management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as income and expenses. The Company's accounting policies are described in Note 2 of the Company's audited financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2024. Assessment of impairment indicators for Mineral Properties The Company applies judgment to assess whether there are impairment indicators present that give rise to the requirement to conduct an impairment test. Events or changes in circumstances that could trigger an impairment test include; (i) significant adverse changes in the business climate including decreases in forecasted future metal prices; (ii) significant changes in the extent or manner in which the asset is being used or their physical condition including significant decreases in mineral reserves; and (iii) significant decreases in the market price of the asset. Assumption of control of Waterberg JV Co. The Company has judged that it controls Waterberg JV Co. as it owns 37.32% of the outstanding shares of Waterberg JV Co. directly and indirectly through its 49.9% ownership of Mnombo, which has a 26% direct ownership of Waterberg JV Co., giving the Company an effective 63.32% aggregate interest. The Company has judged that it controls Mnombo through its 49.9% ownership of the outstanding shares of Mnombo, its current ability to direct the relevant activities of Mnombo including contributing all material capital to Mnombo for its capital calls from Waterberg JV Co. (and previous since acquiring its 49.9% share). Currently there are no other sources of funding known to be available to Mnombo. The Company is also the manager of Waterberg JV Co. and maintains its right to be manager so long as it continues to hold the highest number of shares of Waterberg JV Co. If in the future Waterberg JV Co. is not deemed to be controlled by the Company, the assets and liabilities of Waterberg JV Co. would be de-recognized at their carrying amounts. Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income would be transferred directly to retained earnings. If a retained interest remained after the loss of control, it would be recognized at its fair value on the date of loss of control. Although the Company controls Waterberg JV Co. it does not have omnipotent knowledge of Mnombo's other shareholders activities. Mnombo's 50.1% shareholders are historically disadvantaged South Africans. DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in filings made pursuant to both the SEC and Canadian Securities Administrators requirements are recorded, processed, summarized and reported in the manner specified by the relevant securities laws applicable to the Company. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the applicable securities legislation is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. Any system of internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the period ended May 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. OTHER INFORMATION In connection with the 2025 ATM, disclosure under the heading " Certain Canadian Federal Tax Considerations " in the Prospectus Supplement refers to certain proposals dated September 22, 2024 to implement proposals first announced in the 2024 Federal Budget which, among other things, proposed to increase the taxable capital gains and allowable capital losses for a particular taxation year from one-half to two-thirds for any capital gains or losses realized on or after June 25, 2024 (referred in the Prospectus Supplement as the "Capital Gains Proposals"). This reference was correct as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement, but on March 21, 2025, the Prime Minister of Canada announced that the Government of Canada would cancel most of the Capital Gains Proposals and would introduce additional legislation at a later date. As a result, if the Prospectus Supplement were dated as of the date of this MD&A, the discussion in the Prospectus Supplement under the heading " Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations " would not refer to the Capital Gains Proposals. Additional information relating to the Company for the year ended August 31, 2024, may be found on SEDAR+ at https://www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at https://www.sec.gov . Readers are encouraged to review the Company's audited financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2024, together with the notes thereto as well as the Company's 2024 40-F and separate 2024 AIF filed in Canada. LIST OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS Attachments Original document Permalink Disclaimer Platinum Group Metals Ltd. published this content on July 11, 2025 , and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via Public Technologies (PUBT) , unedited and unaltered, on July 11, 2025 at 21:04 UTC
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